ch 3 cognitive psych

object recognition

identification of an object

form perception

process through which the basic shape and size are seen

gestalt

similarity, proximity, good continuation, closure, and simplicity

monocular cues 

relative size, interposition, relative, clarity, texture gradient, relative height, linear perspectives, light and shadow, accommodation, motion parallax

relative size

smaller with mean something is farther away

interposition 

blocking can show what is in front 

relative clarity

less clear things are closer to the face

texture gradient

things blend together as they get farther

relative height

height changes as things get closer and farther

linear perspectives

lines will converge as they get farther away

light and shadow 

brightest tend to be closest

accommodation

based on how hard the muscles of the eye are working
only good for short distances
“must be really close because of how hard our muscles are working”

motion parallax

the further something is away the slower it appears to be moving (ex: mountains on a road trip)

binocular cues

stereopsis, convergence

stereopsis

retinal disparity
2 eyes will have diff view of the world

convergence

muscles of eyes will signal how converged they are

bottom-up processing

stimulus driven effects

top-down processing 

concept driven effects 

template matching theory

assumes a retinal image transmitted to the brain, then compared it to stored patterns 
cons: isn’t flexible, impossible for so many templates 

feature analysis

all objects have features and matching features creates internal representation

pandemonium model

1. feature detectors will detect basic aspects

2. cognitive detectors will respond for combinations of features (look at cues and ‘shout’ if combo of features is present whichever is loudest matches most 

3. decision detector selects output 

simpler and built of building blocks

visual agnosia

trouble judging what something is or how features combine together to make objects 

apperceptive agnosia

can’t perceive shapes (parietal cortex damage)

associative agnosia

can’t combine features to make a more complex object

word superiority effect

we are faster to recognize the characteristics of real words than random string of letters
top-down influence

geons

building blocks of objects

geon recognition

object recognition
can be recognized at every angle, unique and robust to noise (even if some parts are missing you can still recognize, no matter how it is decorated you can sitll recognize

fuzzy logical model of perception

stimulus features and context combine independently (bottom up and top down)
perception uses probability and patter recognition 

uses diff processing depending on information available