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s.205(1)(xvi) Law of Property Act 1925
A mortgage is a legal charge
“Mortgage” includes any charge or lien on any property for securing money or money’s worth.
How is a mortgage created?
S 1 (2) [c] LPA 1925--charges are capable of existing at law but to be legal need to follow 2 requirements:
Charge needs to be granted by deed--s52 (1) LPA
Need to register the charge--s27 (2) [f] LRA
Right to possession
s 87, LPA
Mortgage lender who has got a charge, has the same entitlement to the land as a tenant
why is right to possession imp?
Prelude to sale: easier for the lender to sell once they have possession
Property will be worth more with warranty of vacation possession
Conserve the property's value
Impact of repossession on the borrower’s family e.g. disrupting their children’s education
Bristol & West Building Society v Ellis [1996] EWCA Civ 1294
When can a lender exercise their right to possession?
If lender has priority: Can exercise right to possession using S87 LPA as a prelude to sale
If lender does not have priority: make application under s14 TOLATA for sale
Remedies used by lender to enforce their charge
remedies can be used successively—alliance & leicester plc
Right to possession
S87 LPA
Power of sale
S101 & S103 LPA
Action on the personal covenant--kinda irrelevant in the modern world
Suing borrower in breach of contract (personal claim)--not tied to the property
Usually done in a negative equity situation post the possession of the house and sale but the proceeds of sale are lesser than the amt owed
Power to appoint a receiver
S101 & S103 LPA
Usually used in commercial mortgages
Foreclosure
S88 (2) LPA
Rarely happens
MCOB 11.6.2
Requires lenders to assess whether the borrower can pay the sums due before the mortgage is given
MCOB 11.6.5
What to regard when issuing a mortgage as a lender
Evidence needs to be obtained by the lender to calculate the affordability of the mortgage
MCOB 11.6.41
Tackles the interest only problem--asks for clear repayment strategy for interest only mortgages