Ch. 7 Vocab

precipitation

formation of a solid when two solutions are mixed

precipitate

solid that forms as a result of precipitation

precipitation reaction

a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution as a solid

strong electrolyte

a material that, when dissolved in water, produces separated ions and gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently

soluble solid

a solid that readily dissolves in water; solid “disappears as ions are dispersed in the water

insoluble solid

a solid where such a tiny amount of it dissolves in water that it is undetectable by the human eye

slightly soluble

a solid where such a tiny amount of it dissolves in water that it is undetectable by the human eye

molecular equation

an equation representing a reaction in solution and showing the reactants and products in undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytes

complete ionic equation

an equation that shows as ions all substances that are strong electrolytes

spectator ions

ions present in solution that do not participate directly in a reaction

net ionic equation

an equation for a reaction in solution, representing strong electrolytes as ions and showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change

acid

substances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution; proton donor

strong acid

strong electrolyte that completely dissociates (ionizes) to produce H+ ion and the conjugate base

base

substances that produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solution; proton acceptors

strong base

a metal hydroxide compound that completely dissociates into its ions in water

salt

ionic compounds

oxidation- reduction reaction

reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred

double- replacement reaction

ions in a compound switch places with ions in another compound to form two new compounds

acid- base reaction

involves an H+ ion that ends up in the product water

combustion reaction

vigorous and exothermic oxidation-reduction reactions that take place between certain substances (particularly organic compounds) and oxygen; involves oxygen + produces energy (heat) so rapidly, a flame results

synthesis (combination) reaction

a compound is formed from simpler materials

decomposition reaction

a reaction in which a compound can be broken down into simpler compounds or all the way to component elements by heating or by the application of an electric current