Introduction to Nerves and the Nervous System

Set of flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on the nervous system.

What is the primary role of the nervous system?

Controlling the functions of the human body, analyzing incoming stimuli, and integrating internal and external responses.

What are the main parts of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS), Peripheral nervous system (PNS), and Autonomic nervous system (ANS).

What does the central nervous system consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

What are afferent fibers?

Nerve fibers that bring information into the CNS.

What is action potential?

A rapid rise and fall in the membrane potential of a neuron, which occurs during depolarization and repolarization.

What electrolytes are involved in the action potential?

Sodium, potassium, and calcium.

What occurs during depolarization?

Sodium rushes into the cell.

What are neurotransmitters?

Chemical messengers that communicate between nerves and muscles or other neurons.

Name a neurotransmitter involved in inhibiting nerve activity.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

What is the function of the limbic system?

Responsible for the expression of emotions and plays a role in learning and memory.

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the spinal cord?

31 pairs.

What is the difference between afferent and efferent fibers?

Afferent fibers bring information to the CNS, while efferent fibers carry information away from the CNS.

What does the forebrain consist of?

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system.

What brain structure coordinates motor functions?

Cerebellum.

What phenomenon significantly impacts drug therapy?

Placebo effect.