history - WW1

what is the term for countries who forge a partnership and support each other particularly in times of conflict/war?

alliance

what is the term for when a country rules over other countries, sometimes having used force to get power over them?

imperialism

what counties were involved in the triple entente?

britain, france and russia

what counties were involved in the triple alliance?

germany, austria-hungary and italy

what were the 6 great powers in europe in the beginning of the 20th century?

germany, austria-hungary, italy, france, russia and great britain.

what did the 6 great powers have in common?

they wanted to make sure they were safe from attack.

all the 6 great powers wanted the best opportunity to _______ their ________ by trading in as many _______ markets as possible.

increase, prosperity (success), overseas

around what year was the triple entente formed?

1904 (affirmed in 1907 when russia joined)

britain and france has a friendly agreement called the ________ __________.

entente cordiale.

russia and france were allied in the _____ - ______ alliance.

franco-russian

when did WW1 begin?

1914

was germany an old or new country and how was it formed?

germany was a new country formed following the unification of the german states in 1871.

what war happend between france and germany?

germans defeated france in franco-prussian war

as part of the ___ treaty after the war, ______ took __________ from france.

peace, germany, alsace-lorraine

why was alsace lorraine important? and why were german politicians afraid?

it was a important industrial area and german politicians were afraid that the french might attack germany to get it back. so they were rivals.

austria-hungary was a ____ empire in central europe. it contained people of different _________, some of whom wanted _________.

large, nationalities, independence

what did the serbs living in austria-hungary want?

they wanted to join serbia since serbia was already an independent country

serbs are an ethnic group primarily from which country and region?

primarily from serbia, and the balkans (southeastern europe)

why was the austrian emperor hesitating about the serbs joining serbia?

he wanted to keep the empire tgt

who did russia support, which caused them and austria-hungary to be rivals?

the serbs

who ruled over russia at that time? and what was his title

the tsar (emperor), nicholas II

at the time, what was one of the poorest countries in the world yet the largest?

russia

russia was very _______, which ______ people who spoke _______ languages.

diverse, different, different

why was russia poor (3 points) : hint - cold

much of the land was not farmed bc it was too cold. russian ports could not operate bc the sea was frozen for a large part of the year. there was little industry.

who ruled over germany and what was his title?

Kaiser (emperor) wilhelm II

when was germany unified and how many people lived there?

1871, 68 million

which country had industrialized rapidly and was a highly successful industrial and technological country (most people lived in towns)?

germany

who ruled great britain and what was his title?

king edward VII

who was the prime minister of great britain?

arthur balfour

what was the first country in the world to industrialize?

great britain

in great britain, over ____ of the population of ___ million people lived in town. ______ prospered and trade flourished.

half, 46, industry

who ruled france and what was his title

emile loubet, he was the president

france was the same size as which country?

germany

why was france largely a rural country, although there was industry in the north-east?

the birth rate had fallen and population was ageing.

when was italy unified (hint - same time as germany), and where did a large number of italian remain after unification?

1871, austria-hungary

what word means joining separate groups or countries together to become a country or a united group?

unification

what country was a constitutional monarch (king or queen’s power is limited, so its run by elected government)?

italy

who was the king of italy and how many people did he rule over

king victor emmanuel III, 35 million people.

although italy was mainly a __________ country, there was considerable _______ in the northern areas.

agricultural, industry

who ruled over austria-hungary, what was his role anad how many people did he rule over?

emperor franz-joseph, 50 million people

austria had little _____ industry and his people were ______ into almost 11 different ________.

heavy, divided, nationalities

why did italy join germany and austria-hungary and become anti-france and anti-russia

italy wanted to make itself more powerful bc of its weak military and industry and wanted to ally with other countries, so joined the triple alliance

why did france join the triple entente?

france was concerned it would get attacked by germany to get alsace_lorraine back. so france allied with russia for support against germany.

what was russia’s biggest fear?

that germany would expand into their territory and that austria-hungary would stop and control the slavs in austria-hungary (russians and slaves were both slav people).

what policy did great britain have to not get involved in european politics?

‘splendid isolation”

why did the british empire join with france in the entente cordial?

they saw germany’s empire and strong navy as a direct threat to britain’s empire and naval dominance

which country had the strong desire to acquire colonies? and which 2 countries did this disturb (although they already had large overseas colonial empires)?

germany, this disturbed france and britain

why were colonies necessary for european powers?

colonies provided raw materials and were markets for goods produced by the european powers that governed them.

colonies were linked to the what of different european countries?

strength

what 2 countries were hoping to expand their colonies on mainland europe?

russia and austria-hungary

where did other countries want to expand their colonies?

countries outside europe

what 2 ways did the european powers colonize or run a country?

invading or being given a country as part of a treaty arrangement

in 1905, why was great britain the most powerful country?

bc of its vast overseas empires

The British Empire took up nearly a ______

of the world's land surface area and a ______ of the world's population lived in

the British Empire under its control.

quarter, quarter

why did greta britain need to keep close contact with its colonies? (3)

to control and manage them and to trade

what did india supply to britian, and what did britain supply to india?

india supplied raw cotton. britian exported cotton cloth

______ ships sailed the sea routes to the british ________ and royal ______ kept the sea routes open and clear of enemy shipping.

merchant, colonies, navy

if the navy was challenged what would happen to the empire?

the security of the empire would be endangered.

where were most of frances colonies?

west africa

in west africa, france exercised control with little opposition, but where did the french army fight frequently with rebels who wanted independence?

indo-china (far east)

why did france keep on fighting against the rebels even tho the cost of fighting was a strain on their economy?

france was very keep on keeping those colonies, and having already lost alsace-lorraine, their reputation would be badly damaged if any other overseas colonies would be lost too.

why was a strong navy essential for germany? (why britain and germany saw eachother as a threat)

a strong navy was necessary for germany to gain overseas colonies.

which 2 countries did not have any overseas empires (nor did they want them)?

russia and austria-hungary

Russia wanted to expand within ______, and Austria-Hungary wanted

to control the different ________ within its borders.

europe, nationalities.

why did russia want to expand into the south-east? (ports)

bc of the ice-free ports

why did russia want to expand into the balkans?

so russian ships would have access to the mediterranean sea and to the atlantic ocean.

give an example showing how the government of austria-hungary was struggling to hold the empire tgt.

a move to force all Czechs to use german in schools and workplaces (the language of austria) led to riots.

what was austria-hungary afraid of?

that the serbs within its borders might break away and join serbia

what caused young men and people to be prepared for the war and join up and fight?

the buildup of nationalism

why is the wealth of a country important for international disagreements?

if a country is wealthy it has money to build an army or navy to protect itself.

a country becomes wealthy through ______ activities such as _____ and _______ goods.

economic, buying, selling

what type of rivalry was it: there was increasing rivalry between the european powers to have the major share of economic activity in europe?

economic rivalry

what’s did german manufactures modernise (industrial era) that had been invented in britain?

machinery (which made manufacturing processes more efficient)

by 1914 what 4 things was germany producing more than britain, which caused britains economic lead to be gone.

iron. steal, coal and even cars

what did france have to import since losing alsace lorraine, and how did this effect their economy.

they had to import coal from other countries, this seriously weakened the french economy bc of the costs.

where did france start epxloroing mining minerals in? and how does this link to germany’s fear?

morocco. germany was afraid that france was trying to turn morocco into a french colony - this would bring france into competition with germany

why did germany and austria-hungary regard russia building a railway in the balkans area a threat?

Germany and Austria-Hungary had well-established commercial markets in

the Balkans. A railway would allow russian-produced goods to be transported to the area more easily.

even though Russia had not yet fully _______ and had little by way of

manufactured ______ to export, Germany and Austria-Hungary were worried

about what might happen in the ______

industrialized, goods, future.

what’s was the main aim of the schlieffen plan?

made by germany army’s to avoid land war on 2 fronts

why did britain really rely on its massive navy (2)?

to keep the sea routes open to the furthest parts of its navy, and to protect its economic interests and people against any european aggression.

there were people in germany including the _____ who believed if germany were to become a ______ _______ with a large empire, it had to challenge the british ____.

kaiser, world power, navy

what permission did the navy laws give to germany?

the first gave permission for the building of 16 battleships, the second increased this number to 46. there were to be 60 cruisers too

who set up the naval league and what was his role?

the german naval chief, admiral tirpitz

what was the intention of the naval league?

intended to encourage the german people to take interest in their navy.

tours of german ____ were organised, and lectures about the naval ____ were given all over germany

ports, fleets (a group of warships).

what was the british response to the naval league and navy laws?

they built the best ever battleship - HMS dreadnought

what was germany’s response to the hms dreadnought?

they built the rheinland (their own version of the hms dreadnought).

what’s was britains naval chief admiral fisher’s response to the rheinland?

they ordered the building of a super-dreadnought - hms neptune

why was the hms dreadnought so much better that any other ship? (4)

the battleship was faster, more heavily armed, designed to fight a distance and had huge guns to fire shells further than any earlier ship.

what did the defeat of russia in the russo-japanese war lead to (government wise and council). - russias participation the arms race on land

the russian government changed the way the army was organized. a state defense council was formed (which dealt with war plans, recruitment and training).

how did austria-hungary participate in the arms race?

they secretly began to make enormous cannons in their skoda works (huge industrial factory/company)

what was the british expeditionary force?

consisted of 144,000 soldiers who could travel immediately to france in support of their troops if war was ever declared.

who created the schlieffen plan? and what was his role?

count alfred von schlieffen, he was the most senior general in the germany army

what was the main idea of the schlieffen plan?

in working out a war plan, there was a possibility that germany would have to fight war on 2 fronts - against russia in the east and france in the west at the same time. he would use half his army against each enemy.

what was the main concern for the schlieffen plan?

only half of the army could be use against each army

what solution for the schlieffen plan was found?

russia was so large and had poor roads and rail systems, so taking 6 weeks to mobilize, this gave germany extra time to attack and defeat france first.

germany would invade france by travelling at high _____ through ______ and northern _____, and attack paris. once paris was captured, france would _______. then germany would face _____.

speeds, belgium, france, surrender, russia

what was the general idea of plan 17?

when war broke out, french troops would immediately make an all-out attack on alsace-lorraine to successfully capture 2 provinces, making them part of france again.

after taking alsace lorraine back, what would france do?

french troops would cross river rhine and advance in berlin.

who came up with plan 17 and what was his role?

french army chief, general joffre