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A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA.(a)
The late stages of HIV infection, characterized by a reduced number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic opportunistic infections.
On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA.
One of a ribosome's binding sites for tRNA during translation.
A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.
The protein shell that encloses a viral genome.
A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
The union (mating) of two bacterial cells or protist cells and the transfer of DNA between the two cells.
A single-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. C
A double-stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Capable of replicating.
An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA polynucleotide strands.
A large molecular complex that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template.
The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands interwound into a spiral shape.
A virus that has appeared suddenly or has recently come to the attention of medical scientists.
The part of a gene that becomes part of the final messenger RNA and is therefore expressed.
A piece of DNA that can exist as a bacterial plasmid.
A change in the genetic material that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a gene, resulting in a change in the triplet grouping of nucleotides.
The set of rules that dictates the amino acid translations of each mRNA nucleotide triplet.
A double-ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA.(G)
The retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and causes AIDS.
An internal, noncoding region of a gene that does not become part of the final messenger RNA molecule and is therefore not expressed.
A type of bacteriophage replication cycle in which the viral genome is incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage. New phages are not produced, and the host cell is not killed or lysed unless the viral genome leaves the host chromosome.
A type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new viruses by lysis (breaking open) of the host cell.
The type of ribonucleic acid that encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acid sequences.
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene that alters the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide.
A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
