Cranial nerves - NS - final

Cranial nerves - 4 main function?

Supply motor innervation to?

Provide somatosensory info from?

Provide special sensory info related to?

Parasympathetic regulation of?

Which cranial nerves are CNS vs PNS

What are the cranial nerves myelinated by?

Cranial nerves name and type

CN I - function?

CN I

__ to __

CN II function

CN III Function

CN IV function

CN V function

CN VI function

CN VII function

CN VIII function

CN IX function

CN X function

CN XI function

CN XII function

Reflexes

Which have reflexes & what parts

II: Pupillary light reflex (afferent - sense light)

III: Pupillary light reflex (motor- constrict pupil)

V: Corneal reflex (sensory) & Masseter reflex

VII: Corneal reflex (efferent)

VIII: Vestibular ocular & spinal reflex

IX: Gag & swallow reflex

X: Gag & swallow reflex

How do you test the optic nerve?

How do you test the oculomotor nerve

How do you test the trochlear nerve

How do you test the trigeminal nerve?

How do you test the abducens nerve?

How do you test the vestibulocochlear nerve

How do you test the glossopharyngeal nerve

How do you test the vagus nerve

How do you test the accessory nerve

How do you test the hypoglossal nerve

Disorders of CN I

Anosmia = no smell

Disorders of CN II

Blindness

Visual disturbances

Loss of pupillary light reflex

Disorders of CN III

Ptosis (drooping eye)

Anisocoria (unequal pupils)

Loss of pupillary light reflex

Diplopia

Palsies, tropias

Loss of accommodation

Disorders of CN IV

Diplopia

• Difficulty w/ reading, walking downstairs

Disorders of CN V

Anesthesia of face

Loss of blink reflex

Jaw deviation

Disorders of CN VI

Esotropia (eye pulled in)

Diplopia

Disorders of CN VII

Inability to close mouth or eye

Facial or mouth droop

Difficulty articulating speech

Disorders of CN VIII

Deafness

Vestibular loss

Tinnitus

Disorders of CN IX

Dry mouth

Affects gag/swallow reflexes

Decreased salivation

Disorders of CN X

Hoarseness

Vocal cord weakness

Difficulty swallowing water, speaking, swallowing

Impaired digestion

Disorders of CN XI

Weakness SCM/traps

Disorders of CN XII

Altered speech articulation

Deviated tongue

Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)

Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Which cranial nerve is associated with Horner’s syndrome

CN III - oculomotor

Which cranial nerve is associated with Bell’s Palsy, trauma, Lyme disease, MS, tumor, cyst, Ramsay-Hunt (also affects CN VIII)

VII - facial

Pupillary light reflex tests which cranial nerve

CN II & III together

PNS - which nerve & functions

PNS

• CN III

• Accommodation of lens for near vision

• Constricts pupil

SNS functions

SNS

• Elevates eyelid

• Dilates pupil

How to tell the difference with pupillary light reflex

Pupillary reflex: pupil constriction by direct stimulation of eye with bright light

• CN II: afferent, sense light

• CN III: efferent, constricts pupil

• Neither eye constricts - sensory issue

• Unilateral constriction - motor issue

What is the consensual reflex

Consensual reflex : simultaneous constriction of pupil in other eye

What is the corneal reflex and what nerves?

Corneal reflex: blink in response to corneal touch

• Combo of trigeminal & facial

What is the masseter reflex

Masseter reflex: light downward tap to chin = jaw closes)

The Organ of Corti convers what into what?

Organ of Corti is the organ of hearing: converts mechanical energy (vibration) into sound

Auditory info is transmitted to what 3 structures and what are there functions?

Auditory info transmitted to

• Reticular formation: sound that wakes you up

• Inferior colliculus: detects location of sounds

• Medial geniculate body: to primary auditory cortex - conscious awareness

What is the function of the vestibular ocular and spinal reflexes

Vestibular ocular and spinal reflex

• Helps you stay up against gravity

Gag & swallow reflex - what nerves have what parts?

Gag & swallow reflex

• Afferent: glossopharyngeal

• Motor: vagus

Swallowing

Oral Stage

• Lips close around food:

• Jaw, cheek, tongue manipulate food:

• Larynx closes:

• Swallow reflex:

Swallowing

Oral Stage

• Lips close around food: Facial (VII)

• Jaw, cheek, tongue manipulate food: Trigeminal, Facial, Hypoglossal (V, VII, XII)

• Larynx closes: Vagus (X)

• Swallow reflex: Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Swallowing

Pharyngeal/Laryngeal Stage

• Food moves into pharynx:

• Soft palate rises, epiglottis covers trachea, food moves into esophagus:

Pharyngeal/Laryngeal Stage

• Food moves into pharynx: Glossopharyngeal (IX)

• Soft palate rises, epiglottis covers trachea, food moves into esophagus: Vagus (X)

Swallowing

Esophageal Phase

• Peristalsis moves food down to stomach:

Esophageal Phase

• Peristalsis moves food down to stomach: Vagus (X)

Speaking

Sound generated by ___ & articulated by ____:

Sound generated by larynx & articulated by soft palate: Vagus (X)

Speaking

To form sounds, requires what 3 things? nerves?

To form sounds, requires

• Tongue: Hypoglossal (XII)

• Lips: Facial (VII)

• Jaw: Trigeminal (V)

What is a drooping eye called?

What is unequal pupils called?

What is double vision called?

What is eye pulled in called?

Ptosis

Anisocoria

Diplopia

Esotropia

Dysfunction with which nerves can cause diplopia

III, IV, VI