FBLA Personal Finance Key Terms (From Study Guide)

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21 Terms

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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

A set of laws that enable the FDA to oversee the safety of food, drugs, cosmetics

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­ Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

Prevents debt collectors from using abusive, deceptive, or unfair tactics to collect from you

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­ Fair Credit Reporting Act

Promotes the accuracy, fairness, and privacy of consumer information contained in the files of reporting agencies 

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 Truth in Lending Act

Promotes the informed use of credit by requiring disclosures about its terms and cost to standardize the manner in which costs are calculated and disclosed. 

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­ Fair Credit Billing Act

Protects consumers from unfair credit billing practices by providing guidelines for consumers and creditors. 

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Gramm­Leach­Bliley Act

Requires financial institutions to explain their information­sharing practices to their customers and to protect sensitive information. 

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traditional  economy

decisions are made from customs handed down for generations. They are now very rare 

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­ market  economy

prices are determined by supply and demand, and individuals decide what they want to produce, how they want to produce it, and for whom they want to produce it. 

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­ command  economy

 the government sets prices for goods and individuals have little to no say in economic decisions.  See communism.

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Mixed  economy

 like the U.S., individuals make decisions, but the government regulates them. Most governments are currently mixed economies.

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Fiat money ­

valueless objects used as money because of government decree

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commodity money

money consisting of objects that have value in themselves and their use in money (think gold, silver, etc.)

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Time Value of Money

the increase of an amount of money due to earned interest or dividends 

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Value­Added Tax

taxes on the amount by which the value of an article has been increased at each stage of its production/distribution

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Progressive Tax

taxes in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

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Regressive Tax

taxes imposed in a way where the tax rate decreases as the amount being taxed increases in value

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Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA)

Taxes used to fund Social Security and Medicare 

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Amortization

A table showing how much principle and interest is paid for each mortgage payment made; the process of paying off a debt over time in equal installments.

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W­2 Form

Sent to the IRS by an employer and details annual salary and amount of taxes withheld from an employee’s paycheck. (Filled out by employer)

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W4 form

Tells an employer what amount of taxes to withhold from an employee’s paycheck based on their marital status, number of exemptions, dependents, etc (Filled out by employee)

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1040 Form

The actual tax form you fill out and send to the IRS to calculate whether you owe money or get a refund