BIO 210 Lab Final Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of 50 vocabulary-style flashcards covering muscle cells, neurons, cranial nerves, eye and ear anatomy, the reflex arc, and nervous system divisions based on the Bio 210 Lab Final study guide.

Sarcomere

The functional unit of muscle contraction.

Olfactory (I)

The cranial nerve responsible for smell.

Optic (II)

The cranial nerve responsible for vision.

Oculomotor (III)

The cranial nerve responsible for eye movement.

Trochlear (IV)

The cranial nerve responsible for eye movement.

Trigeminal (V)

The cranial nerve responsible for facial sensation and chewing.

Abducens (VI)

The cranial nerve responsible for eye movement.

Facial (VII)

The cranial nerve responsible for facial expression and taste.

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

The cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance.

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

The cranial nerve responsible for taste and swallowing.

Vagus (X)

The cranial nerve responsible for heart, lungs, and digestion.

Accessory (XI)

The cranial nerve responsible for neck movement.

Hypoglossal (XII)

The cranial nerve responsible for tongue movement.

Multipolar

A structural neuron type with many dendrites and one axon; the most common type and primarily motor neurons.

Bipolar

A structural neuron type with one dendrite and one axon; found in the retina, nose, and inner ear.

Unipolar

A structural neuron type with one process; found as sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion.

Dura mater

The outer layer of the meninges.

Arachnoid mater

The middle layer of the meninges.

Pia mater

The inner layer of the meninges.

Frontal lobe

The lobe of the brain associated with thinking and movement.

Parietal lobe

The lobe of the brain associated with touch.

Temporal lobe

The lobe of the brain associated with hearing and memory.

Occipital lobe

The lobe of the brain associated with vision.

Cerebellum

The portion of the brain responsible for balance.

Brainstem

The portion of the brain responsible for breathing and heartbeat.

Astrocytes

CNS neuroglial cells that support neurons and form the blood-brain barrier.

Oligodendrocytes

CNS neuroglial cells that form myelin in the Central Nervous System.

Microglia

CNS neuroglial cells responsible for immune defense and phagocytosis.

Ependymal cells

CNS neuroglial cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Schwann Cells

PNS neuroglial cells that form myelin.

Satellite Cells

PNS neuroglial cells that support neuron cell bodies.

Rods

Special sense receptors for night vision, black and white vision, and dim light.

Cones

Special sense receptors for color vision, bright light, and high detail.

Hair cells

Special sense receptors in the ear for hearing and balance.

Olfactory receptors

Special sense receptors in the nose for smell.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that processes information.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The division of the nervous system comprising everything outside the CNS, including cranial and spinal nerves.

Sensory (Afferent)

The division of the PNS that carries information to the CNS.

Motor (Efferent)

The division of the PNS that carries information away from the CNS.

Somatic Nervous System

The subdivision of the motor system that is voluntary and controls skeletal muscle.

Autonomic Nervous System

The subdivision of the motor system that is involuntary.

Sympathetic

The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for fight or flight.

Parasympathetic

The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for rest and digest.

Reflex Arc Order

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neuron -> Interneuron (spinal cord) -> Motor neuron -> Effector -> Response.

Actin

The thin filament found within a muscle cell.

Myosin

The thick filament found within a muscle cell.

Dendrites

The branching structures of a neuron that receive information.

Cell body (Soma)

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus.

Axon

The long fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin sheath

The protective insulating layer that covers the axon of a neuron.