Shaker's Midterm Review

What are the two divisions of the ventral cavity called?

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Choose the different types of muscle tissue. Select all that apply.

Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal

What is the relative constancy of the internal environment of the body, despite many challenges to upset the balance, called?

Homeostasis

What are the two divisions of the dorsal cavity called?

cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Which region is located on the anterior trunk, just below the ribs?

Abdominal

Which term means that a part is farther away from the point of attachment than another part?

Distal

Which structure is located superior to the mouth?

Nose

The bones are _______ to the skin.

deep

The cranial cavity is located in which of the following?

The dorsal cavity

In humans, which term is synonymous with anterior?

Ventral

Which organ system forms the basic framework for the body?

Skeletal

The wrist is ________ to the elbow and the fingers are ______ to the wrist.

distal; distal

What is the basic unit of life?

Cell

What kind of section would cut the brain into anterior and posterior portions?

Frontal

Which of the following terms best describes when the blood vessels dilate and the person sweats in order to decrease body temperature?

Homeostasis

In the anatomical position, the thumb is ________ to the thigh.

lateral

If a science teacher mixed iron shavings and sand together, what would they be creating an example of?

A mixture

Which of the following is descriptive of a patient with a blood pH of 7.28?

The patient is acidotic

A patient is very low in their iron count. Which kind of transport should the patient be concerned about?

Disruption of oxygen transport in body

What is a substance with a pH level of 5.23 considered to be?

Acidic

It is imperative that the body continually checks and regulates blood pH. If the pH falls below its normal range, where would we see the most disruption?

The enzymes in the body

A mother calls the nurse hotline with concerns about her toddler's antibiotic, saying that it must be "bad" because it looks separated like "vinegar and oil dressing." What type of medicine is she likely describing?

A suspension

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

Na

Blood pH is usually between 7.35 and 7.45. If a patient's blood pH is lower than 7.35, what term describes this condition?

Acidotic

A doctor ordered an electrolyte test to be done on a patient. The patient's chief complaint was muscle fatigue. Which of the following possible electrolyte combinations will most likely show up on the test as being deficient?

Sodium and potassium

What is the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme?

An enzyme is a specific type of catalyst involving proteins

Describe what happens in a solution.

The solvent does the dissolving of the solute.

When particles that are mixed together remain evenly distributed, what is the result called?

Solution

Which is the correct sequence of the M Phase?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

Name the structure that synthesizes the ribosomes moving through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

A specialized projection that helps sperm cells to swim is called what?

Flagella

Why is mitosis important when a child skins his knee?

It is the process by which new somatic cells are produced.

A solution that causes a red blood cell (RBC) to swell and burst is called:

hypotonic

Which term means "cellular drinking"?

Pinocytosis

Which is an example of passive transport?

Facilitated diffusion

Cigarette smoking causes damage to this organelle, thereby decreasing the ability to clear the respiratory passages.

Cilia

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for export?

Golgi apparatus

Which is true of the mitochondria?

They produce most of the body's adenosine triphosphate

Which short description best fits the cell membrane?

Separates intracellular and extracellular material

A substance is moving from a high concentration to a low concentration. It is being aided by a molecule within the cell membrane. Which mode of cell transport is being described?

Facilitated diffusion

What might happen if pure water were administered intravenously (directly into the blood via the veins)?

The red blood cells would undergo hemolysis.

Because of its salt concentration, normal saline is considered:

isotonic

What mode of transport is exemplified by a white blood cell engulfing and taking in a bacterium?

Phagocytosis