Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Capsule / slime layer

A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A system of internal membranes with bound ribosomes. It synthesizes proteins and packages them into vesicles for transport

Lysosomes

Vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes. They are used to digest cellular materials.

Microfilaments

Long, thin fibers composed of actin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell

Nucleus

A membrane

Bound 80S ribosomes

Structures that synthesize proteins in eukaryotes. They are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Organelles with a double membrane that are used to manufacture ATP

Centrioles

Cellular structures that produce microtubules during cell division

Microtubules

Hollow rods composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton

Cell

The smallest unit of life

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Peptidoglycan

A polymer that makes up the cell wall in bacteria

Plasma membrane

A semi-permeable membrane that consists of a phospholipid bilayer

70S ribosomes

Structures that synthesize proteins in prokaryotes

Nucleoid region

The region in a prokaryotic cell in which the bacterial chromosome is suspended

Nuclear envelope

A layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Nucleolus

A region within the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Nuclear pores

Small holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A system of internal membranes that synthesizes lipids

Golgi apparatus

A system of flattened, membranous sacs (cisternae) that processes and distributes proteins. It also produces lysosomes.

Free 80S ribosomes

Structures that synthesize proteins in eukaryotes. They float freely in the cytoplasm.

Transport vesicles

Vesicles that transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

Secretory vesicles

Vesicles that transport materials from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane

Chloroplasts

Organelles with a double membrane that produce sugars through photosynthesis

Central / sap vacuole

A large sac, found in plant cells, that stores sap, water, pigments, and poisons

Cellulose

The polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall in plants

Chitin

The polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall in fungi

Plastids

A group of organelles that store pigments or food

Cilia

Short, hairlike projections on the outside of cells that are used for movement

Flagella

Long whip