APEX APES 4.2.1 Study Guide: Human Population Dynamics

demographic transition

The pattern of change in a country as it industrializes; high birth rates and death rates transition to low birth rates and death rates.

demography

The study of the characteristics of populations.

developed nation

A nation that has high levels of industrialization together with a relatively higher per capita income and low birth rate and infant mortality rate.

developing nation

A nation that has low levels of industrialization together with a low per capita income and high birth rate and infant mortality rate.

growth rate

The increase in the numbers of individuals in a population - expressed as a fraction of the original population - during a specified unit of time.

industrial stage

A phase in a country's development characterized by a falling birth rate due in part to a demographic transition.

infant mortality

The death of a child who is less than 1 years old.

life expectancy

The average number of years that a newborn organism is expected to live based on the results of statistical analysis.

post industrial stage

A phase late in a country's development when birth and death rates become relatively low; this stage is part of a demographic transition.

preindustrial stage

A phase early in a country's development, when birth and death rates are relatively high; this stage is part of a demographic transition.

transitional stage

The second stage of a demographic transition. This stage is characterized by rapid population growth brought about by a high birth rate and a reduced death rate.

Birth Rate

The number of live births per set of individuals.

Age Structure

The distribution of individuals across different age groups.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per set of individuals.

Population Size

The number of individuals at a certain point in time.

population density

How close the population is to one another.

population distribution

How well the population is distributed.

small-particle aerosols

The more aerosol there is, then the more people there are in the area.

developed populations

Have a low birth rate and infant mortality.

developing populations

Have a low presence of industry and standard of living.

human population growth

Is exponential.

order of demographic transitions

1. Pre-industrial stage 2. Transitional stage 3. Industrial stage 4. Post industrial stage