Social Studies James Monroe-Andrew Jackson Quiz

What does unity mean?

unity means a sense of national togetherness and cooperation across regions, especially after the War of 1812

What is sectionalism?

sectionalism is when people are more loyal to their region (North, South, West) than to the entire country

What is the cotton gin?

the cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds; it made cotton profitable and increased slavery in the South

What are interchangeable parts?

interchangeable parts are identical components that can be easily replaced or assembled; they revolutionized factory production

What is isolationism?

isolationism is a foreign policy of avoiding involvement in foreign wars and alliances, especially in Europe

What is the spoils system?

the spoils system is when political supporters are rewarded with government jobs; used by Jackson to give power to his backers

What is a tariff?

a tariff is a tax on imported goods, used to protect American businesses from foreign competition

What is nullification?

nullification is the idea that a state can cancel or reject a federal law it believes is unconstitutional

What is a canal?

a canal is a manmade waterway used for transporting goods and people; the Erie Canal helped connect the Midwest to the Atlantic

Who was James Monroe?

James Monroe was the 5th President of the U.S.; his presidency was called the Era of Good Feelings due to national unity and one-party rule

Who was John Quincy Adams?

John Quincy Adams was the 6th U.S. President; won after the "corrupt bargain" and promoted education and internal improvements

Who was Andrew Jackson?

Andrew Jackson was the 7th U.S. President; known as a "common man" president, he expanded voting rights and removed Native Americans. He also caused the Us into recession and called back national bank

Who was Francis Cabot Lowell?

Lowell was a textile industrialist who created a factory system that hired young women and children also had harsh working conditons and increased textile production

Who was Robert Fulton?

Robert Fulton invented the first successful steamboat, the Clermont, which revolutionized river travel and trade

Who was Henry Clay?

Henry Clay was a powerful politician and speaker of the House; he proposed the American System and was involved in the corrupt bargain. Also national hero and leader of war hawks

Why was Monroe's presidency called the "Era of Good Feelings"?

because there was political unity (one-party rule), nationalism after the War of 1812, and little conflict between political parties

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

The Monroe Doctrine stated that European countries should not colonize or interfere in the Americas; the U.S. would stay out of European affairs. Also defend any newly established democracies in the Western Hemisphere.

What was the Missouri Compromise?

the Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state; it banned slavery north of 36°30′ latitude

What was the American System?

the American System was Henry Clay's plan for economic growth: strong bank, protective tariffs, and federally funded roads and canals

What did the Adams-Onís Treaty do?

it was a treaty between the U.S. and Spain in 1819; Spain gave Florida and lands that reached west to New orleans to the U.S. and the U.S. gave up claims to Texas

What did Fletcher v. Peck decide?

the Supreme Court ruled that states could not pass laws that broke legal contracts; the first time the Court overturned a state law

What did McCulloch v. Maryland decide?

the Court ruled that Congress could create a national bank and that states couldn't tax it; reinforced federal power over states

What were key water transportation inventions in the first Industrial Revolution?

the steamboat (Clermont) and canals (like the Erie Canal) improved shipping of goods and people across water

What were key land transportation inventions in the first Industrial Revolution?

railroads and improved roads (like the National Road) made travel and trade faster and more reliable

How did the Lowell Mills change the workplace?

Lowell Mills brought all parts of textile production into one building and employed young women in strict, organized environments

Why were interchangeable parts important?

they allowed products to be made and repaired more quickly and cheaply; a major innovation for factory systems and weapons

What was the "corrupt bargain"?

the 1824 election where no one won a majority; Henry Clay helped John Quincy Adams win in exchange for being named Secretary of State

What programs did John Quincy Adams support?

he supported internal improvements (roads, canals), a national university, and funding for arts and science

How did voting rights change during Jackson's presidency?

property requirements were dropped, so all white men could vote, not just landowners; this expanded democracy

What was the Tariff of 1828 and why was it controversial?

it was a high tariff on imports that helped Northern industries but hurt the South; led to the Nullification Crisis in South Carolina

What was the Trail of Tears?

the forced relocation of Native American tribes (especially Cherokee) to land west of the Mississippi; thousands died from disease and hunger