chemistry chapter 17-extraction of metals

where are metals extracted from

ores

what is an ore

a rock containing a value mineral

what is iron ore called

haematite

what chemical is haematite

iron III oxide

what formula for iron III oxide​

Fe2O3

why can we use carbon to extract the iron from iron from its ore

Iron is less reactive than carbon

Extraction of iron- ​
blast furnace, Name 3 raw materials

• Limestone​

• Iron ore​

• Coke

(Extraction of iron- ​
blast furnace) Name waste gases

carbon dioxide and nitrogen

(Extraction of iron- ​
blast furnace) what is blasted in at the bottom

hot air

what are alloys

A mixture of elements one of which is a metal

Alloys are harder than the pure metal because…

the layers of atoms can't slide due to the different sized atoms​

uses of high carbon steel and reason why

cutting tools because its hard but brittle

Mild steel is an alloy of what elements?

iron and carbon

use of mild steel and reason

nails because it is strong

uses of stainless steel and reason

cutlery because it doesn’t rust

what metal rusts

iron

rusting involves which two chemicals

oxygen and water

What chemical equation is rust- word and symbol

• iron III oxide​

• Fe2O3

Chemical equation for rust

4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3

Only iron rusts when it reacts with oxygen. When other metals react with oxygen we use a different word for this oxidation reaction beginning with C

corrode

what is sacrificial protection

when a metal that is more reactive then iron reacts with the iron instead and stops rusting

Galvanising- what is it

• Cover iron with zinc to stop it rusting​

• The zinc reacts with oxygen and water instead of the iron because it is more reactive then the iron

what is aluminium extracted from and how

• extracted from Al2O3 (bauxite)​

• by electrolysis

What is Aluminium ore called

bauxite

What chemical is bauxite

aluminum oxide

Why can’t you use carbon to extract aluminium from its ore

Aluminium is more reactive than carbon

What method do you use to extract aluminium

electrolysis

What why is extracting aluminium expensive

you need a lot of electricity

What ions are in molten aluminium oxide

• aluminium Al3+​

• oxide O2-

why can you find silver and gold pure in the ground

very unreactive ( we say they can be found native)

why can you extract Zn Fe Pb with carbon

Carbon is more reactive than Zn Fe Pb

why do you have to use electrolysis to extract K Na Ca Mg Al

K Na Ca Mg Al are more reactive than carbon