Church History Unit 4

What does the word Renaissance mean?

Rebirth

What is humanism?

Reviving classical learning, focusing on human achievements

 

Where did the Renaissance begin?

Florence, Italy

Who invented the printing press? How did it effect the Protestant Reformation?

Johannes Gutenberg

Copies of the Bible

Who are some Renaissance artists?

 Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Bernini, Giotto, Raphael, Donatello, Fra Angelico

Who is Martin Luther?

 German Augustinian monk and scholar, Believed only faith in God's love and mercy could justify sinners

What are the 95 Theses?

Famous document Martin Luther posted on the door of a church in Wittenberg outlining the grievances he had

What had Luther hoped the posting of them would do?

Invite debate amongst theologians

Which two sacraments does Luther agree are sacramental?

Baptism and Eucharist

How does the Church respond to Luther?

Gave Luther 60 days to recant or be excommunicated

King Henry VIII, What did he want to do that the pope refused

Wanted to have his married annulled

What did Henry VIII decalre?

He declared himself head of the Church of England

Which denomination you believed in largely was based on where you?

Lived or were from

Most protestant denominations come from which three branches?

Lutheranism

Calvinism

Anglicanism

The Council of Trent inaugurates the?

Catholic Reformation

When does the Catholic Reformation take place?

December 1545

How were the teachings of the council implemented?

Creates published manual the Roman Catechism, Roman Breviary, and Roman Missal

Deuterocanonical

Tobit

Judith

1 and 2 Maccabees

Wisdom

Sirach

and Baruch

books and passages considered canonical by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches,

Justification

Faith makes it possible for us to accept God’s grace and to cooperate in his saving work by doing god works

Predestination

The divine foreordaining of all that will happen

Roman Missal

Standardizes the celebration of the Liturgy

John Tetzel

infamous Monk known for selling of indulgences to fund church projects

St. Ignatius of Loyola

Founded the Jesuits

Injured in war

Studies the saints

Wants to commit to a life of labor for God

St. Teresa of Avila

Founds the Carmelites

Entered a convent when young

didn’t like the superficial preoccupations

left and founded her own in Avila

Discalced

Without shoes

John Calvin

Calvinists

Scripture alone

Christ is not present in the Eucharist

Ulrich Zwingli

Predestination

John Knox

Calvinism into Presbyterian

St. Jane Frances de Chantal

Founded the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary

What had gotten out of hand that led to Martin Luther’s complaint with the church?

Selling Indulgences

apocrypha

Writings about Jesus or the Christian message not accepted as part of the canon of scripture

Roman Catechism

Manual that was published as a way to implement the teachings of the Council of Trent

What branch of Christianity results from Henry’s break from the church

Anglican

Calvinists reject?

Real Presence in the Eucharist

Was the Counter Reformation able to stop the Protestant Reformation?

No, the Counter-Reformation (the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation) did not stop the Protestant Reformation

How did Calvinism differ from Lutheranism?

Calvinism because man must fear and glorify the sovereign Lord; in Lutheranism, because man is privileged to trust and serve the gracious and forgiving God.

Describe three reforms or reaffirmations of Church practice and teachings that resulted from the Catholic Reformation (via. The Council of Trent). (essay)

On the Priesthood - Sacrament of Holy Orders defined, requirements for celibacy upheld

On Marriage - Marriage must be witnessed by a priest w/ minimum of two witnesses

On the Mass - Mass is truly a sacrifice, it is a memorial of Chris's Passover and makes present his sacrifice

Compare and contrast Martin Luther’s teachings with that of the Catholic Church using his three ‘sola’ statements.

Martin Luther’s teachings centered around three key “sola” statements: Sola Fide (faith alone), Sola Gratia (grace alone), and Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone). Luther believed that salvation is achieved through faith alone, without the need for good works (whereas the Catholic Church teaches that faith and good works are both necessary). He also taught that grace alone is the means of salvation, emphasizing that it is a gift from God, not earned by human effort (the Catholic Church agrees that grace is essential but teaches that human cooperation is also needed). Lastly, Luther held that Scripture alone is the ultimate authority in matters of faith (while the Catholic Church teaches that both Scripture and Tradition hold authority). Luther’s views challenged the Catholic Church's teachings, emphasizing a direct and personal relationship with God.