Science 8 Unit B Final Exam Study Guide

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the Science 8 Unit B notes, including cells, organ systems, and their functions.

What is the basic unit of life?

The cell is the basic unit of life.

What are the seven common characteristics of living things?

Made of cells, need energy, respond to the environment, grow and develop, reproduction, adaptations, produce waste.

What does the term 'form' refer to in biology?

Form refers to the shape and structure of an object, body part, or organ.

What does the term 'function' describe in terms of biological structures?

Function describes what an object, body part, or organ does.

What is the function of the eye?

The eye detects light and enables vision.

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood.

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell where cellular respiration occurs, turning sugar into ATP.

What are the two types of digestion?

Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.

What structures are part of the respiratory system?

Mouth, nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

The excretory system removes waste products from the body and regulates water and electrolyte balance.

What does a compound microscope consist of?

A microscope that has two or more lenses.

What part of the microscope holds the slide in place?

The stage holds the slide in place.

What is the role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and excess substances.

What do sensory neurons do?

Sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Who was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?

He was the first person to discover microorganisms using his microscope.

What is the role of the liver in waste removal?

The liver converts toxic ammonia into urea, which is then excreted in urine.

What is the main function of the nervous system?

The nervous system coordinates and controls the actions of all body organs and systems.

What are 'adaptations' in the context of living organisms?

Adaptations are characteristics that allow organisms to survive in their environments.

What does the term 'evolution' refer to in biology?

Evolution refers to the process through which species change over time through natural selection.