Carbohydrates Quiz

Sucrose is digested into which monosaccharides

Glucose and fructose

What type of glycosidic linkages is found in amylose?

α(1→4) linkage

What type of glycosidic linkages are found in amylopectin?

α(1→4) and α(1→6) linkages

what is lactose composed of?

• glucose and galactose

• joined by β(1→4) glycosidic bond

what is lignin’s digestibility in animals

indigestible

What class of carbohydrates do xylans belong to?

non-starch polysaccharides (hemicellulose)

What type of carbohydrate is pectin

soluble fiber

what is the major circulating energy substrate in ruminants

acetate

butyrate is primarily converted into what energy form by rumen epithelium

ketone bodies

what is the primary site of glucose absorption?

small intestine

what enzyme digests limit dextrins

α-dextrinase (isomaltase)

which glucose transporter facilitates glucose transport across cell membranes (basolateral side)

GLUT1

what is the primary form of energy storage in the liver

glycogen

what are the primary metabolic roles

• lipogenesis

• energy production (ATP)

what are the primary metabolic roles of propionate

• lactose synthesis (via glucose)

• can also be used as an energy source

Which VFA is the major substrate for ketone body production in rumen epithelial cells

butyrate

in what form do dietary carbohydrates enter the bloodstream from the small intestine?

monosaccharides

What glucose transporter is insulin-dependent

GLUT4

ruminants depends on liver gluconeogenesis to meet glucose needs. What is the major precursor?

Propionate

what is the most digestible homopolysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin

starch

which enzymes complete amylopectin digestion in the small intestine to yield glucose?

Maltase and α-dextrinase

A pig fed amylopectin as the only carbohydrate - what is found in digesta entering the stomach after oral digestion

amylopectin and dextrins

Wheat starch contains 70-80% amylopectin, while pea starch contains 12-40%. Wheat starch is more rapidly digested. True or False

True

Why does large particle size increase acetate production in the rumen?

• more chewing → more saliva

• saliva provides buffering (NaHCO3)

• Maintains neutral pH

• Favors cellulolytic microbes → acetate-type fermentation

what is the nutritional significance of stereoisomers in animals?

metabolic enzymes require a specific molecular structure (D-form sugars)