PHILIPPINES FIRST CONTACT IN SPAIN

Ferdinand Magellan

The Philippines established its first connections Spain through _______ who led an expedition to Southeast Asia in 1521

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

he reached samar leyte the cebu in 1565, where he set up the first permanent Spanish settlement in the Philippines.

manila 1571

start of the city planning and urbanization

Leyes de Indias

The planning of cities in the country (and just like in other countries colonized by Spain) followed the Ordinances of 1573 entitled?

the Law of the Indies.

Leyes de Indias “Prescriptions for the Foundations of Hispanic Colonial Towns”, familiarly known as

King Philip II

entitled Leyes de Indias “Prescriptions for the Foundations of Hispanic Colonial Towns”, familiarly known as the Law of the Indies. This was formally issued by?

the Law of the Indies.

contained the most comprehensive set of instructions to serve as guidelines for the founding and building of Hispanic colonial towns. It was an attempt of the Spanish king to establish a uniform and extensive urban plan of its colonies.

Main plazas

usually situated near waterfronts ports or coastlines.

Manila's Intramuros (fortress city)

the center of civic and ecclesiastical rule during the Spanish period with the capital city surrounded by a defensive wall for protection and a military fort at the mouth of the Pasig River.

plaza mayor

- main open public square adjacent to both major roads and prestigious civic and religious buildings (the plaza mayor of Intramuros is Plaza Roma)

katedral

principal church of a diocese containing the "cathedra" or bishop's throne

ayuntamyento

chief administrative building with offices for both governor-general and the alcalde (head of the city) with their regidores (councilors)

almasenes

building constructed near a port for storing goods or a space inside a civic building like a casa real, to store goods.

embarcadero

area used as landing place for ships and other water vessels

aduana

building designated for payment of customs and duties and where vessels are entered and cleared

balwarte

round or polygonal projecting part of a fortification

kuta

strong, defensive place intended for military troops

traza

the gridiron plan that defines the layout of the town or city

Reduccion

system forced scattered barangays into more compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change

Bajo dela compana

people lived within the concept

encomienda

promoted the concept of land as private property and land was divided

cabacera (poblacion)

the institutions of a hierarchical system in settlement where the core of mumicipality

Barrios

adjacent barangays

cuadricula

the use of ___ model of planning of towns constructed in hierarchical way central plaza focal point and location of the seat of power

PLAZA ROMA

• public main square (heart of intramuros)

• converted into a garden in 1797

MANILA CATHEDRAL

• made out of adobe stone

• religious-spiritual center of the city

• facing the plaza / oriented towards port

PALACIO DE GOBERNADOR

political and administrative center of the colony

AYUNTAMIENTO

• “marble palace”, a prominent feature in constuction

• seat of the Manila City Council “Cabildo”

FORT SANTIAGO

• first line of defense against naval attacks

• located at Northwest Corner

BALUARTE DE SANTIAGO

• circular port integrated into Intramuros’s defensive wall

• Bastion, protruding structure with facing flanks

built along the cortina

PLAZA INDEPENDENCIA

• public open court in Cebu’s port area

• oval-shaped, placed behind Fort San Pedro

• originally, parade ground and military training area

CEBU METROPOLITAN CATHEDRAL

• facing Plaza Independencia

• “Parish of Saint Vitalis”

• nearby structures are low in height; no view obstruction

BASILICA MINORE DEL STO. NINO

• made out of coral and adobe stone

• oldest church in the Philippines

• facing the plaza

CEBU CITY HALL

• not considered a Spanish Colonial building,

yet it follows the Cuadricula

FORT SAN PEDRO

• made out of coral stone

• triangular fortress

• Bastion, featured at the 3 corners (similar to EU fortifications)

• military outpost, later a prison

ST. CATHERINE OF ALEXANDRIA CHURCH

observable Muslim features

SANTO TOMAS VILLANUEVA CHURCH

showcases exotic tropical elements as facade decorations

CEBU METROPOLITAN CATHEDRAL

generally completed in the late 1700’s

Casa Gorordo, Cebu

• first Spaniards built their houses in the native manner of caña y nipa

• evolved into a 2-storey house with wood-supporting structure

• all-stone exterior bearing wall restricted on the lower level only

Houses of Bulacan

• richly decorated Spanish-Filipino stone houses design variations were adapted to the countryside

• Ventanillas were minimized

• stone pillars extended to the roof

Escolta, Manila

had more openings for shops since it was located in the main business street of Spanish Era