Lecture 11 - USG, IGOs, NGOs

1. What documents do I need to bring fruits and vegetables into the U.S.?

2. What is required to export animals or animal products?

3. Imports: How do I ensure that wood packaging materials (WPM) such as pallets, crates, dunnage, etc. comply with USDA regulations?

4. Where can I find regulations to export live animals or animal products to other countries?

5. Do I need a permit?

What are the common questions on the USDA APHIS website?

1. Import animal or animal product

2. Imports plant or plant product

3. Export an animal or animal product

4. Export plants or plant products

What are some of the things that are commonly searched in the USDA APHIS website?

Dr. Karen Sliter

Who is the associate deputy administrator for international services responsible for APHIS' animal and plant health activities around the world (45 overseas APHIS Attaches and approximately 225 locally employed staff)

1. Monitoring of and reporting on foreign animal and emerging diseases

2. Capacity building

3. Management of emerging threats such as influenza

What are the activities of the veterinary program in USDA-APHIS?

Multiple

______ US government agencies have food responsibility

Meat, poultry and egg products

The USDA FSIS insures that ___________ imported to the US are produced under standards equivalent to US inspection standards, and facilitates the certification of exported goods.

FDA - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

What does FDA-CFSAN stand for?

International food safety capacity-building plan

What the FDA's purposeful engagement?

Jerky pet treats causing illness

What is one of the important issue that the FDA-CVM was researching?

Department of State US Agency for International Development

What does USAID stand for?

Fighting infectious diseases

What is one of USAID's Core Global Health priorities?

Promoting gender equality and women's empowerment

What is one of USAID's key strategic approaches to global health challenging ourselves and challenging the world?

Intergovernmental organizations (IGO)

An ____ is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other intergovernmental organizations

Treaty

IGOs are established by _____ or other agreement that acts as a charter creating the group

1. They hold state authority

2. Their institutions are permanent

3. They provide a forum for discussion

4. They are issue specific

5. They provide information

6. They allow multilateral cooperation

What are some strengths of IGOs?

1. Membership is limited, prohibits the membership of private citizens and not all IGOs allow universal membership

2. IGOs often overlap resulting in a complex network

3. States have to give up part of their sovereignty which weakens the state's ability to assert its authority

What are some weaknesses of IGOs?

Food security

Achieving _____ ______ for all is at the heart of FAO's efforts

Regular access

The FAO's efforts for food security is to make sure people have _____ ____ to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives.

1. Livestock's long shadow

2. Tackling climate change through livestock

What are two UN FAO references that are environmentally focused?

World Health Organization (WHO)

What is the directing and coordinating authority on international health within the United Nation's system?

1. Providing leadership

2. Shaping research agenda

3. Setting norms and standards

4. Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options

5. Providing technical support

6. Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends

What are the WHO functions?

World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)

What was originally known as OIE?

1. Support strengthening National Veterinary Services Capacity

2. Develop guidelines and standards

3. Provide training and education

4. Support knowledge management exchange

What is the role of WOAH in animal health and welfare?

Peste does Petits Ruminants

What operational exception is known for the world organizations?

Inter-connective programs

What do IGOs often have?

WHO-WOAH-UNFAO-UNEP

What is the quadripartite that is in the One Health Joint Action Plan?

1. Preventing

2. Detecting

3. Containing

4. Eliminating

5. Responding

The quadripartite says "a world capable of...........to animal and public health risks attributable to zoonoses and animal diseases with impact on food security through multi-sectoral cooperation and strong partnerships

Non-governmental (NGO)

What is a not-for-profit organization that is independent from states and international governmental organizations.

1. Non-profit

2. Independent

What are key things to remember about non-governmental organizations (NGOs)?

Neutrality

What is a key element of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?

1. Make no distinction between victims

2. Provide emergency aid

How does the Red Cross and Red Crescent maintain neutrality?

1. Various and conflicting agendas

2. Neutrality

3. Scalability

4. Security

5. Continuity of Operations

What are the challenges of NGOs and governments?

1. WOAH (OIE) - Welfare, Education, World Assembly, Disaster medicine

2. FAO

3. World Veterinary Association/PANVET

4. World Small Animal Veterinary Association

5. Global Health Summit

6. North American Leadership

What multiple international venues does AVMA represent in?

1. Brought a business type approach to development

2. Brought large scale approach to development and issues

3. Brought outcomes accountability

4. Brought serious money to global problems

How is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation different?

Heifer International

What organization works to increase income and assists, food security and nutrition, as well as environment by strengthening local economies?

Interactions Gov-IGO-NGO-For Profit

What is it called when other partners within the USAID's EPT program include preparedness and response and one health workforce projects together?

Metabiota

______ develops systems to mitigate microbial threats

1. Limited funding capability

2. Limited to no full time staff

3. Limited ability to scale up to large level operations

4. Continuity of operations often dependent on small number of volunteer

5. Limited ability to compete in the humanitarian working space

What are challenging for smaller NGOs?

1. There are a tremendous number of animal, health, and developmental NGOs

2. They have a very wide range of focus areas

3. They are often connected to other NGOs, governments and funding groups

4. They have a wide range of capabilities from very small to very robust

What things are included in the summary on NGOs?