POL 2: Intro to Comparative Politics - Order and Disorder

A comprehensive set of flashcards focusing on the key vocabulary and theories discussed in the comparative politics lecture.

Contractarian Theory

A theory suggesting states form because citizens are better off with a third-party enforcer.

Predatory Theory

A theory proposing that states form because rulers, as stationary bandits, maximize revenues through protection and services.

State of Nature

Anarchy, a condition without a state where life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short (Hobbes).

Civil Society

A structured society where cooperation is facilitated, often supported by a punishing authority.

Criminal Governance

Enforcement of rules by criminal organizations which provide state-like functions such as taxation and dispute resolution.

Nash Equilibrium

A set of strategies where no player desires to unilaterally change their recommendation.

Social Contract

An agreement in which citizens consent to surrender some freedoms to the state for protection.

Dominant Strategy

A strategy that is the best choice for a player regardless of the what others do.

Prisoner's Dilemma

A situation in game theory where individuals act in their own self-interest leading to worse outcomes.

Game Theory

A mathematical framework for modeling scenarios in which players make decisions that are interdependent.

Monopoly of Force

A state's exclusive right to use physical force within its territory.

Coercion

Persuasion through threats or force, often used by states to maintain order.

State Formation

The process through which a state establishes its authority and organization.

Extractive Institutions

Political institutions that extract resources from society for the benefit of the elite.

Taxation

The process where the government collects money from citizens to fund public services.

Political Consolidation

The process through which smaller political units combine into larger, more effective governance structures.

Repression

Using force or intimidation to suppress or control individuals or groups by a state.

Benevolent Ruler

A governing figure who acts in the best interest of the citizens but can be subject to self-interest.

Mass War

Conflict involving the mobilization of entire populations and significant mobilization of resources.

Limited War

Conflicts that do not require full mobilization and often result in short-term, localized fighting.

Arbitrary Borders

Political boundaries drawn without regard to historical, cultural, or social divisions.