1ST: TRADITIONAL DANCE

Traditional dancing

can be another term for folk dance, or sometimes even for ceremonial dance.

traditional

The term ‘___’ is more frequently used when the emphasis is on the cultural roots of the dance.

cultural traditions

A traditional dance therefore has arisen from people’s ___.

1. Cordillera Dances

2. Spanish influenced Dances

3. Muslim Dances

4. Tribal Dances

5. Rural Dances

The five major classifications of Philippine Folk Dances:

CORDILLERA DANCES

Are from Bontoc, Ifugao, Benget, Apayao, and Kalinga tribes

CORDILLERA DANCES

Pagan people, living simple lives to appease their gods. Their rituals celebrate their daily lives, good harvest, health, peace, war, and other symbols of living.

CORDILLERA DANCES

Their traditions have survived the changing scope of the Philippines and the tribes continue to maintain their culture that are part of the colorful cultural fabric known as the Philippine Culture.

knotted rope

Cordillera was a name given by the Spanish Conquistadors, which mean “___”

CORDILLERA DANCES

➔ Common religious beliefs, generally nature related, and make propitiatory offerings to anitos, or household gods

➔ Expression of community life

➔ The people dance to appease their ancestors and gods, cure ailments, ensure success at war, or to ward off bad luck/natural calamities; also dance to ensure bountiful harvests, favourable weather, and to mark milestones in the cycle of life (such as birthdays)

Banga

(CORDILLERA)

“___” means pots

Banga Dance

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Contemporary performance of the Kalingas of the Mountain Province of the Philippines

➔ Illustrates the languid grace of a tribe otherwise known as fierce warriors

➔ Shows the daily routine of fetching water from mountain springs

➔ Played by six or more gong players with their respective female partners

➔ Minimum of 5 pots per dancer with different sizes

Bendayan Dance (or Bendian)

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Circle dance of the Benguets of Mountain Province

➔ Celebrate the arrival of successful headhunters

➔ The circular movements symbolize unity and harmony among the Ibalois

➔ Also performed with the festival hymn composed by Professor Macario Fronda during the Panagbenga Festival

Salip

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Kalinga

➔ Depicts a warrior claiming his bride by presenting her a matrimonial blanket

➔ The woman follows the man to connote obedience

➔ Said to be a courtship dance

➔ Imitate the flight of birds and swaying of trees

Uyaoy / Uyauy

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Ifugao wedding festival dance

➔ Accompanied by gongs

➔ Performed by the affluent to attain the 2nd level of the wealthy class

➔ Mimics mighty animals such as the Sakpaya Hawk

➔ Reinforces a person’s social status in the community

Lumagen

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Kalinga tribal dance

➔ Traditional thanksgiving dance

➔ Celebrates good harvest and events

Manmanok

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Dramatizes three roosters from the Bago Tribe who compete against one another to get the attention of a hen (Lady Lien)

➔ Not designed for public performance or on stage

➔ Colorful costumes and ornaments

Ragragsakan

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Adaptation of a tradition in which Kalinga women gather and prepare for a budong or peace pact

➔ Borrowed the name/word from the Ilocano, which means “merriment”

➔ For the homecoming of a successful headtaker and the culmination of peace-pacts between warring tribes

➔ Kalinga maidens balance labba baskets on their heads, wave colorful tribal blankets, and sing short Salidumay songs

➔ Portrays the walk of the industrious Kalinga women up the Rice Terraces

Tarektek

(CORDILLERA)

➔ Classified under Mountain-Igorot Dances

➔ Originated from Benguet

➔ Imitates woodpeckers (Tarektek) from Mt. Data

➔ Tarektek male manipulates a colorful tribal blanket representing the bird’s plumage, while another beats on a brass gangsa representing the bird’s calls as they battle for the attention of three tarektek females

SPANISH-INFLUENCED DANCES

Reflect the socialites of Christianity, and the stringed music of European art and the rondalla culture

SPANISH-INFLUENCED DANCES

Phillippine aristocrats created Filipino adaptations of European dances.

SPANISH-INFLUENCED DANCES

Jotas, fandangos, mazurkas, and waltz are some of the European influenced dances

Rondalla

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Ensemble of plectrum instruments including the banduria, laud, octavina, mandola, guitara, and bajo de unas.

➔ Philippine Rondalla Instruments w/ their number of strings:

o 1 – bandurria

o 2 – laud

o 3 – octavina

o 4 – gitara

o 5 – bajo de unyas

Jota

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Among the most popular dances during the Spanish Colonial Period up to the early 20th century

➔ Performed in social gatherings, like weddings, parties, and baptisms

Habanera

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Social dance in duple time

➔ Performed in a ballroom or on a stage

➔ Became popular in the town of Botolan, Zambales

➔ Performed at weddings and includes a procession of the bride and groom’s parents

Estudiantina

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Lively dance originating from Unisan, Quezon Province (formerly Tayabas)

➔ Favorite in social gatherings

➔ Usually performed with accompaniment of a flute and a guitar

➔ Typically performed by girls with a fan or book in hand

Mazurka Boholana

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Traditional bottom dance popular in Bohol

➔ Performed by couples scattered informally about the room with no definite sequence of steps and direction followed

Mazurka Mindorena

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Beautiful festival dance from Mindoro

➔ Premiere dance of the high society of Mindoro

➔ Don Antonio Lune was responsible for preserving and popularizing this dance

Polka sa Nayon

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Ballroom polka

➔ Batangas

➔ Danced during town fiestas and in big social affairs

Carinosa

(SPANISH-INFLUENCED)

➔ Traditional Philippine folk dance that dates back to the Spanish colonial period

➔ Courtship dance between a man and a woman

➔ Graceful and playful movements

➔ Performed during fiestas and other special occasions

MUSLIM DANCES

Influenced by Malay, Javanese, and Middle Eastern Traders (Islam)

MUSLIM DANCES

Known for their mysticism, royalty, and beauty, which are evident in their music and dances

MUSLIM DANCES

➔ Accompanied by the agong and kulintang

➔ Intricate hand and arm movement

➔ Shimmering costumes

➔ Associated with Islamic cultures and communities

A. MARANAO

B. BADJAO

C. YANKAN

D. TAUSUG

E. SAMAL

MUSLIM DANCE IS COMPOSED OF THREE PARTS:

SINGKIL

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

A Marano dance derived from the sounds of the bell anklets worn by the Princess as she leaps in & out of the criss-crossed bamboo poles.

KAKULANGAN

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

Maranao women walk nobly with their distinctive movements particularly their graceful sway.

It is performed by Maranao women holding ornamental umbrellas while marching the “Royal Walk” or kini-kini to show their high status.

Kappa Malong Malong

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

Also called Sambi sa Malong, this Maranao dance shows the many ways of donning the malong, a tabular circle of cloth used as skirt, shawl or mantle.

Pig-apir

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

A fan dance of Maranao maidens showcasing their simplicity and character

Karatong

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

A dance in memory of Bantugan’s fighting evil spirits whom he can hear but can’t see.

Kapiil sa Munsala

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

A handkerchief dance from Lanao commonly performed by girls.

Sagayan

(MARANAO-MUSLIM)

A warrior dance that depicts the hero – warrior prince Bantugan’s preparation for the war, the actual combat and the victory.

Tauti

(BADJAO-MUSLIM)

A dance of fishing scenario

Is an occupational dance from Tawitawi that vividly portrays the labors of catching tauti or catfish.

Paunjalay

(YANKAN-MUSLIM)

A pre-nuptial dance of the Yakan tribe of Basilan, performed by the bride.

Pindulas

(YANKAN-MUSLIM)

A dance depicting the movements of fish as it wades in the water.

Panghalay ha Patong

(TAUSUG-MUSLIM)

A dance imitating the graceful movement of the swift vinta as well as the birds and fish of the Tausug World.

Janggay

(TAUSUG-MUSLIM)

A Tausug female dance using extended fingernails.

Sua-ku-Sua

(TAUSUG-MUSLIM)

A dance from Jolo, Sulu with an influence of Chinese movements meaning "my pomelo tree"

Maglangka

(SAMAL-MUSLIM)

• A Samal dance class of girls and women.

• This dance depicts the training of Samal girls and women on the languid and flexible movements of the arms which signifies good breeding.

TRIBAL DANCES

Mindanao is the country’s cultural melting pot, housing influences from Spain, China, Indonesia, and the Middle East.

Mindanao is inhabited by the T’boli, Bilaan, Manobo, Bagobo, and other tribes

1. T’BOLI

2. BILAAN

3. MANOBO

4. BAGOBO

PHILIPPINE TRIBES:

T’BOLI

a. Use of body ornaments follows the idea that “more is better”

b. Kawat: simple brass rings

c. Bketot: round mirror, 1.5cm in diameter, surrounded by small colored glass beads

d. Nomong: chandelier-type earring,9- 12cm long brass

e. Bkoku: 5cm long triangular pearly nautilus shells

BILAAN

a. Albon: women’s hemp jacket, red bodice, black sleeves

b. Ansif: embroidery that decorates the sleeves, shoulders, wrists, side seams, and waist area

c. Women’s blouses may be heavily ornamented

d. An aromatic root or fragrant flower may decorate their waist piece

MANOBO

a. Traditional fabric for clothes was abaca or hemp, dyed through the ikat process.

b. Dyes were acquired from plants and trees: i. Tagum plant and lamud tree = black ii. Turmeric root = yellow iii. Keleluza plant = red

c. Typical colors are red, black, yellow, green, blue, and white

d. Linetungan: blankets of abaca fiber with multicolored designs

e. Bayas: blankets of abaca fiber that is plain white

f. Ginutawan: inwoven representational designs such as flowers

BAGOBO

a. Ompak: Bagobo traditional garb (dress); ornate and artistic

b. Sonnod: two-panel tube skirt with stripe or other ikat designs

c. Dua talian: unique and special inabal, because of its type of weave (binubbud ta kamayway – “tied to a weave”), which is highly intricate.

d. Ginayan or Panapisan: a woman’s most treasured possession, which has three panels (ine/ina)

Kadal Tahaw

➔ Bird dance performed by the T’boli during planting and harvesting

➔ Simulates the flights and hops of the tahaw bird

Dugso

➔ Dance to show thanksgiving

Binanog

➔ A typical Dance of the Talaandig tribe mimicking the movement of the bird up in the air called "Bano.”

Inagong

➔ A dance for entertainment performed during festivals and gatherings.

Talupak

➔ A dance depicting the way and style in planting, harvesting and winnowing palays. This is performed for public entertainment.

Tinagpi

➔ A dance mimicking the farming activities.

RURAL DANCES

Reflect the simple life of perseverance of the people in the barrio

RURAL DANCES

Depict common work, clapping, rondalla, daily activities of the percussion peasant’s instruments

RURAL DANCES

➔ Show gaiety and laughter, festivities

➔ Performed in fiestas to honor patron saints

MAGLALATIK

• Also referred to as Magbabao, this dance is performed mainly by men.

• The name means “Latik-maker”. Latik is a coconut product that is used in Filipino cooking.

• The dance is also a war dance depicting a fight between moros and christians over the latik.

PANDANGGO SA ILAW

• A version of the dance Pandanggo that originated from the island of Lubang, Mindoro

• Pandanggo evolved from the Spanish word/ folk dance Fandango, a dance in ¾ time. This dance, together with jota became popular among the HOPE illustrados or the upper class people and was later adapted among the local communities.

TINIKLING

• The name tinikling is a reference to birds locally known as tikling

• The dance originated in Palo, Leyte. It imitates the movement of the tikling birds as they walk between grass stems, run over tree branches, or dodge bamboo traps set by rice farmers.

BINASUAN

• This colorful and lively dance from Bayambang in the Pangasinan province shows off the balancing skills of the dancers.

• The glasses that the dancers gracefully yet carefully maneuver are half-filled with rice wine.

KURATSA

• It is a traditional Filipino folk dance that originates from the Visayan islands in the Philippines.

• The dance features graceful movements, intricate footwork, and gestures that convey feelings of attraction and courtship.

• It is often performed at social gatherings, festivals, weddings, and other special occasions as a joyful expression of Filipino culture.

SUBLI

• A dance originated in Bauan, Batangas that is performed as an homage to the Holy Cross of Alitagtag or Mahal na Poong Sta. Cruz

• It is traditionally performed during the feast of Mahal na Poon on May 3

• The name subli is a portmanteau (blend) of the words subsob which means to “fall on the face” and bali which means “bent or broken”

• Men and women dancers (called manunubli) perform in pairs and various formations

ITIK-ITIK

• It originated in the Surigao province of the Philippines.

• The dance imitates the movements of ducks, specifically the way they walk and paddle their feet in the water

PALU-PALO

• It is a dance showing how the Ivatans defended themselves against the Christian intruders and how they learned to accept Christianity and live a virtuous life.

• The dance was a simple one performed by men who wore simple flesh-colored garments.

• The tapping of wooden sticks as background music to the dance produced an echoing sound as the Ivatans reenacted their battle with the Christian invaders

GAWAY-GAWAY

• It is a harvest dance that celebrates the bountiful harvest of the gaway—a plant of the taro family that is grown both for the vegetable and its roots.

• The female dancer hold a nigo (bilao in Tagalog) laden as she dances.

• The music is a fast 3/8 melody and the steps are simple but beautiful.

SAYAW SA BANGKO

• The Dance is endemic in Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan and. The dancing couples over the banks.

• Dancers use a bench or a series of benches as a platform for their performance.

SINULOG

• The Sinulog Festival dance often begins as a processional, with participants forming a line or parade, and the central figure is the image of the Sto. Niño (Child Jesus). Participants may carry replicas of the Sto. Niño or religious symbols.

KALATONG/KARATONG

• Dancers use kalatong or bamboo tube about a yard long, tied horizontally below the waist and struck by two sticks to tap the rhythm of the dance.

• The Tobong Kalatong, from Pangasinan, which is a ceremonial dance performed to frighten the evil spirits away.

SAKUTING

• It is a Philippine folk dance that interprets a fight between Ilocano Christians and nonChristians.

• This mock fight between rival folks is traditionally performed during Christmas at the town plaza or performed house-to-house as a form of traditional carolling show.

REGATONES

• This dance came from Cadiz City, Negros Occidental.

• The regatones or traveling fish vendors and labaseros (women fish buyers) would wait for the fishermen.

• While waiting, they would tease each other by performing some dance steps.

• They would maneuver their tuwangtuwangan (bamboo sticks) with the paraka (wooden baskets)

KALAPATI

• The dance originated from from Cabugao, Ilocos Sur province.

• It symbolizes peace and is represented by imitating the movements of a graceful dove.

• It portrays the typical traits of the Ilokanos: simplicity, naturalness, and shyness.

OCCUPATIONAL DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

depict actions of a particular occupation (e.g. planting, punding)

RELIGIOUS/CEREMONIAL

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

associated with religion, vows and ceremonies (e.g. Dugsu, Sua-sua)

COMIC DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

depict funny movements for entertainment (e.g. Kinotan, Makonggo)

GAME DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

done with play elements (e.g. Lubilubi, Pavo)

WEDDING DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

performed during wedding feasts (e.g. Panasahan)

COURTSHIP DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

depict the art of courtship (e.g. Hele-hele, Tadek, Pantomina)

FESTIVAL DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

suitable for special occasions (e.g. Pandanggo, Habanera)

WAR DANCES

Nature of Philippine Folk Dance:

show imagery combat (e.g. Sagayan, Palu-palo)

ACTIVE

MOVEMENTS:

fast energetic movements (e.g. Tinikling, Maglalatik, Polkabal)

MODERATE

MOVEMENTS:

(e.g. Carinosa, Tagala)

SLOW

MOVEMENTS:

(e.g. Pasakat, Amorosa)

SLOW AND FAST

MOVEMENTS:

(e.g. Putritos, Habanera)

SQUARE

FORMATION:

(e.g. Rigodon, Los Bailes de Ayer)

LONG FORMATION

FORMATION:

dancers form 2 or more parallel lines. (e.g. Lulay, Sakuting)

SET

FORMATION:

consists of 2 or more pairs as a unit. (e.g. Binadyong, Haplik)