CNA final Exam

Term

Definition

What is a sphygmomanometer?

A device used to measure blood pressure (a blood pressure cuff).

What should be in place when you leave a patient's room?

Call light within reach, bed in lowest position, side rails as ordered, bed wheels locked, and personal items within reach.

What is palliative care?

Care focused on relieving symptoms and stress of a serious illness to improve quality of life

How do you position a bedpan?

Have the resident raise their hips or turn them on their side

What is a FACT?

Objective information that is true and can be proven or verified

What are the rules of positioning?

Keep the body in proper alignment, reposition at least every 2 hours, support joints with pillows, avoid pressure on bony areas, prevent friction/shearing, and ensure comfort and safety.

Know types of ways to take a temperature.

Oral, rectal, axillary (underarm), tympanic (ear), and temporal (forehead).

Care Team scopes of practice.

Each team member (RN, LPN/LVN, CNA, PT, OT, social worker, dietitian) has specific duties defined by their training and license; CNAs perform basic care under a nurse's supervision.

What is an Ombudsman?

A person who advocates for residents' rights in long-term care facilities and helps investigate and resolve complaints.

What is the Chain of Command?

The hierarchy of authority in a facility that outlines who to report to (e.g.

What is the medical name for High Blood Pressure?

Hypertension.

Give examples of Mucous Membranes.

Lining of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and vagina.

What is the definition of Clean?

Free from pathogens or microorganisms (medical asepsis).

What is the definition of Dirty?

Contaminated with

What is proper documentation?

Charting that is accurate, factual, objective, complete, timely, legible, and signed, following facility policy.

Orthotic Devices.

Devices used to support

Physical Therapy.

Treatment that helps restore movement

Occupational Therapy.

Therapy that helps individuals regain skills needed for daily living and work activities (ADLs) after illness or injury.

Proper positioning.

Common positions include supine, prone, lateral (side-lying), Fowler's, semi-Fowler's, and Sims'.

Types of ways to tell Time.

Standard (12-hour) time and military (24-hour) time.

Proper communication.

Using clear, respectful verbal and nonverbal communication, active listening, and confirming understanding; reporting and documenting appropriately.

What is HIV?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus — a virus that attacks the immune system (CD4/T-cells) and can lead to AIDS if untreated.

What is AIDS?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome — the most advanced stage of HIV infection

Conversions.

Common conversions: 1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL, 1 oz = 30 mL, 1 kg = 2.2 lb; and Fahrenheit/Celsius temperature conversions.

Know about Diabetes.

A chronic condition in which the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose; signs include increased thirst/urination and fatigue; care includes diet, blood sugar monitoring, and foot care.

Alzheimer's Disease.

A progressive brain disorder causing memory loss

Know about Tuberculosis.

A contagious bacterial lung infection spread through airborne droplets; symptoms include persistent cough, weight loss, and night sweats.

Know about CVA's (stroke).

A Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke) is a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain; signs include facial drooping, arm weakness, and speech difficulty (FAST).

Know about Vital Signs.

Temperature, Pulse, Respirations, and Blood Pressure (pain is sometimes considered the 5th vital sign).

Know the signs of a Dying person.

Decreased appetite/thirst, weakness, decreased consciousness, irregular breathing (Cheyne-Stokes), cooling/mottled skin, and decreased urine output.

Muscle Weakness.

Reduced muscle strength that can result from illness

Specimen Collection.

Collecting urine, stool, or sputum samples using a clean container, correct labeling, following isolation precautions, and delivering promptly.

Walker

directly in front of the resident at arm's length with all four legs or wheels flat on the floor

Process of BREATHING.

Inhalation: diaphragm contracts, lungs expand, oxygen enters. Exhalation: diaphragm relaxes, carbon dioxide leaves the body.

Compression Stockings (TED HOSE).

Elastic stockings that apply pressure to the legs to improve circulation and help prevent blood clots (DVT); applied before the resident gets out of bed.

Bedpans.

Devices used for elimination by residents who cannot get to the bathroom; includes standard and fracture pan types.

Pressure Injuries.

Damage to skin and tissue caused by prolonged pressure

Signs of Cyanosis.

Bluish discoloration of the skin

Liquid Conversion.

1 cup = 8 oz = 240 mL; 1 pint = 2 cups; 1 quart = 2 pints; 1 liter = 1000 mL.

Abbreviations.

Common medical abbreviations include NPO (nothing by mouth), BID (twice a day), TID (three times a day), ADL (activities of daily living), and VS (vital signs).

Stoma.

A surgically created opening on the body (such as on the abdomen) that allows waste to exit

Essential Nutrients.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Skin damage prevention.

Frequent repositioning, keeping skin clean and dry, good nutrition/hydration, proper lifting technique to avoid shearing/friction, and regular skin checks.

Rapid Breathing.

Tachypnea — an abnormally fast respiratory rate that can indicate distress

Incident Reports.

Written reports documenting unusual events (falls, injuries, errors) for safety and legal purposes; must be factual and objective.

Types of Beds.

Manual beds, electric/hospital beds, low beds, and specialty beds (such as pressure-relief mattress beds).

Proper Moving and Transferring Techniques.

Use a gait belt, bend at the knees not the back, keep the resident close to your body, use proper body mechanics, and communicate with the resident throughout.

MyPlate.

The USDA's visual guide for balanced nutrition showing five food groups: fruits

Types of Protein.

Complete proteins (animal sources: meat

Bladder Training.

A program to help a resident regain control over urination through scheduled toileting

Resident's Rights.

Legal rights guaranteed to residents in care facilities, including privacy, dignity, information, the right to refuse treatment, and freedom from abuse.

Facility Adjustment.

The process of a resident adapting emotionally and physically to living in a new care facility.

Contractures.

Permanent tightening or shortening of a muscle

PROM.

Passive Range of Motion — exercises performed by the caregiver moving a resident's joints without the resident's own effort.

AROM.

Active Range of Motion — exercises the resident performs independently to move their own joints.

When to wear gloves.

Any time there is contact with blood

Microorganisms.

Tiny living organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), some of which can cause disease.

Infection Prevention.

Hand hygiene, proper PPE use, cleaning/disinfection, isolation precautions, and safe handling of waste and linens.

Elderly Care.

Care that addresses the physical

Maslow Hierarchy of need.

A theory ranking human needs from basic to complex: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Federal Government education for CNA's.

Federal law (OBRA 1987) requires CNAs to complete a minimum of 75 hours of training and pass a competency exam.

What is Subjective Information?

Information based on what the resident reports or feels (symptoms); it cannot be directly observed or measured by the caregiver.

What is Objective Information?

Information that can be directly observed

Ethical Behavior.

Acting according to moral principles such as honesty, confidentiality, respect, and integrity in resident care.

Professional Behavior.

Maintaining appropriate boundaries, punctuality, appearance, and communication in the workplace.

HIPPA (HIPAA).

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act — a federal law protecting the privacy and confidentiality of a patient's health information.

Restorative Care.

Care aimed at helping residents regain and maintain their maximum level of function and independence.

Define Hospice.

Care for terminally ill patients focused on comfort and quality of life rather than curative treatment

Prosthesis.

An artificial device that replaces a missing body part

Task of a CNA.

Assisting with ADLs (bathing, dressing, feeding, toileting), taking vital signs, repositioning residents, and reporting/documenting observations to the nurse.

Cane placement

in the resident’s strong hand (the side opposite the weak or injured leg

Crutches placement

with the tips placed 4 to 6 inches out and forward from the resident's feet