parasitology

Leishmaniasis Diagnosis (MSCS)

Microscopy: Giemsa stain; amastigotes inside macrophages. Skin Test: Leishmanin skin test (+ve in endemic areas, -ve in diffuse CL). Culture: Promastigote in NNN or RPMI + 10% FBS. Serology: Antibody/antigen detection.

Trichinosis Diagnosis (HISS BRD)

History: Eating raw/inadequately cooked pork. Indirect Methods: Serology (ELISA, agglutination, etc.). Stool Exam: Adult worms or larvae. Serum Enzymes: Elevated (CK, LDH). Biopsy: Larvae in muscle tissue (pathognomonic). Radiology: Calcified cysts. Differential: Eosinophilia (20-50%).

Trichocephaliasis Diagnosis (MER)

Microscopy: Stool shows eggs with bipolar plugs. Eosinophilia: May be present (not specific). Rectal Prolapse: Sigmoidoscopy detects adult worms.

Tapeworm Diagnosis (SAIM)

Stool Exam: Eggs or proglottids (segments). Antigen Tests: ELISA, EITB. Imaging: CT/MRI for larval forms. Molecular: PCR or DNA probes.

Malaria Diagnosis (MRMP)

Microscopy: Giemsa-stained blood smear (thick and thin). RDT: Detects antigens (ICT, HRP2, LDH tests). Molecular: PCR or DNA probes. Parasite Species: Differentiated using serological tests.

Oxyuriasis Diagnosis (PM)

Perianal Tape Test: Pinworm eggs on adhesive tape. Microscopy: Less reliable; detects adult worms or eggs in stool.

Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis (MSMI)

Microscopy: Tachyzoites or cysts in blood or marrow. Serology: IgG/IgM via ELISA. Molecular: PCR for confirmation. Imaging: CT/MRI for CNS or congenital cases.

Giardiasis Diagnosis (MSM)

Microscopy: Trichrome stain/wet mount for Giardia cysts or trophozoites. Serology: Antigen detection (ELISA, immunofluorescence). Molecular: PCR; severe cases may need biopsy.

Ascariasis Diagnosis (MASI)

Microscopy: Stool detects thick, mammillated Ascaris eggs. Advanced Tests: Fecal flotation or sedimentation. Serology: ELISA for antigens/antibodies. Imaging: X-ray/ultrasound for obstruction or migration.

Genital Trichomoniasis Diagnosis (MCAM)

Microscopy: Wet mount detects motile trophozoites. Culture: Increases sensitivity. Antigen Test: ELISA or immunochromatography. Molecular: PCR for confirmation.

Importance of Stool Exam (IPA)

Identifies eggs, larvae, cysts, or trophozoites. Public Health: Tracks infection prevalence and patterns. Assessment: Evaluates intensity, duration, and chronicity.