Chapter9: Joints

30 flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on joints in anatomy and physiology.

What are the major categories of joints?

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Bony, Synovial.

What is a synarthrosis?

An immovable joint that is very strong, with bone edges that may touch or interlock.

What are the four types of synarthrotic joints?

Suture, Gomphosis, Synchondrosis, Synostosis.

What is the role of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

It lubricates, distributes nutrients, and absorbs shock.

What structures surround synovial joints?

Joint capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage.

What is the main difference between synarthrosis and diarthrosis?

Synarthrosis is immovable, while diarthrosis is freely movable.

Define amphiarthrosis.

A slightly movable joint that is stronger than a diarthrosis.

What types of movements are classified at synovial joints?

Gliding, Angular, Circumduction, Rotational, Special movements.

What is the function of menisci in synovial joints?

They are fibrocartilage pads that provide cushioning and stabilize joints.

What joint actions are considered special movements?

Inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, retraction, protraction, depression, elevation.

What factors stabilize synovial joints?

Collagen fibers, bone shapes, ligaments, tendons, and fat pads.

What type of joint is the elbow?

Hinge joint.

How does aging affect joints?

Causes degenerative changes like rheumatism and arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis.

What joint classification allows for rotational movement only?

Pivot joint.

What movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?

Flexion.

What does circumduction describe?

A complete circular movement without rotation.

What is the primary function of ligaments in synovial joints?

To support and strengthen the joints.

What is the difference between abduction and adduction?

Abduction moves away from the longitudinal axis, while adduction moves towards it.

Which type of joint allows for multi-directional movement?

Ball-and-socket joint.

What happens to the nucleus pulposus during spinal movement?

It compresses and conforms to the motion.

What is a bulging disc?

A bulge in the anulus fibrosus that invades the vertebral canal.

Name an example of a saddle joint.

The first carpometacarpal joint (thumb joint).

What structure separates the vertebral bodies?

Intervertebral disc.

What is an example of a hinge joint?

Elbow joint.

What do fibrocartilaginous pads do in a joint?

They improve fit between articulating surfaces and absorb shock.

What is hyperextension?

Extension of a joint beyond the anatomical position.

How are tendons related to joints?

They attach muscles around a joint and assist in movement.

What is the anatomical term for moving the thumb toward the palm?

Opposition.

What is the role of bursa in joints?

To cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues.

Describe the structure of a synovial joint.

It has a joint capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage.

What characterizes a ball-and-socket joint?

A round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression of another.