human communication and components of language

Accentism

Prejudice or bias against someone based on their accent or way of speaking

Communication

Process of information exchange between individuals

Syntax

Rules governing the structure of words to create phrases and sentences

Phonology

Rules governing the sound system of a language

Receptive Language

Ability to understand spoken or signed language

International Phonetic Alphabet

Standardised system for transcribing speech sounds into written form

Homophones

Words that are pronounced the same but have different spellings and meanings

Vowel

Speech sound produced with an open vocal tract, without significant obstruction

BSL

Full visual-manual language used by certain communities

Consonant

Speech sound produced with some obstruction of airflow, often with the tongue or lips

Dialect

Variations in vocabulary and grammar linked to region or social group

Speech Sounds

Individual sounds within words that can be identified and classified

Semantics

Study of linguistic meaning

Morpheme

Smallest unit of language that conveys meaning

Paralinguistics

Non-verbal cues used alongside language, including facial expressions and gestures

Language

Symbolic system used to express ideas through speech or other modalities

Expressive Language

Ability to convey a message using speech, sign, or body language

Double Letters

Letter combinations that represent a single sound in spelling

Collaborative

Requiring joint attention and participation from both the speaker and listener

Supra-segmentals

Features such as intonation and volume that modify pragmatic meaning

Phonemes

Smallest units of sound that create a difference in meaning but have no meaning on their own

Transcription

Recording speech sounds using a standardised alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet

Homographs

Words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings

Phonetics

Study of the actual sounds produced and how they are produced

Multifunctional

Serving multiple purposes, such as socializing, sharing ideas, or expressing wants

Pragmatics

Study of language use in social contexts, including non-verbal cues

Arbitrary Symbols

Words or signs that have no inherent link between their form and meaning

Morphology

Study of the smallest units that convey meaning in language

Accent

Differences in pronunciation, such as stress patterns, that distinguish one group from another

Makaton

System that combines signs with spoken language to facilitate communication

Silent Letters

Letters that appear in the spelling of a word but are not pronounced

Situational Factors

Contextual elements, such as formality or cultural background, that affect communication style