2.10 National and international standards in product design

Flashcards covering manufacturing design, project management, and international standards such as ISO, BSI, RoHS, and WEEE, based on the provided engineering and design lecture notes.

What is the primary aim of a manufacturer using effective QA procedures?

To produce products 'right first time and every time'.

Which two CAD and CAE technologies allow designers to model production procedures before final manufacture?

Virtual CAD simulations and full-size block models.

What are the two main goals of effective project management in design and manufacture?

Ensuring activities are completed to budget and within agreed time scales.

When do Quality Control (QC) inspection checks occur during production?

Throughout the production process.

Name two pieces of flexible measuring equipment used for dimensional accuracy checks.

A digital vernier caliper or a micrometer.

How does a go/no go gauge facilitate dimensional accuracy checks on a production line?

It checks whether a single measurement fits within a tolerance range, providing a simple pass/fail reading.

What is the definition of NDT in the context of manufacturing?

Methods used to check the internal structure of materials, often after joining through processes like welding.

For a product to be commercially successful across different regions, what must it conform to?

Strict national, European, and international standards.

What specific certification, although not compulsory, is often required to work with other companies?

ISO 9001 (quality management).

What is the role of the British Standards Institution (BSI)?

A national organisation formed to devise agreed standard procedures for performing a wide range of tasks.

As of January $2017$, how many standards were in the BSI portfolio?

The range exceeded $30,000$.

When can the BSI kitemark be applied to a product?

Only where the relevant standard has been met.

What prefix is added to a British standard if it has been accepted by a European standardisation organisation?

BS EN

What does the standard BS EN 71-1:2014 cover?

Safety of toys, specifically mechanical and physical properties.

Which standard specifies safety requirements for electric toys?

BS EN 62115

What is the purpose of standard BS EN 50361: 2001?

Measurement of specific absorption rate related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields from mobile phones ($300\,MHz - 3\,GHz$).

What does the International Standards Organisation (ISO) represent?

A federation of over $150$ national standards bodies that agree on internationally recognised standards.

What does the ISO 9001 standard specifically address?

Quality management.

What does the presence of a CE mark indicate on a product?

That the product conforms to all relevant European safety standards.

Identify the focus of the BS EN ISO 14000 standard.

Environmental management.

Identify the focus of the BS EN ISO 50001 standard.

Energy management.

Identify the focus of the BS EN ISO 31000 standard.

Risk management.

What is the primary aim of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive ($2002/95/EC$)?

To prevent hazardous substances from entering the production process to prevent damage to human health and the environment.

As of what date were all relevant products sold in the EU required to be RoHS compliant?

July $2006$.

Which four specific metals are restricted by the RoHS directive?

Lead, mercury, cadmium, and chromium.

What mercury limit is set by the Battery directive ($2013/56/EU$) for batteries and accumulators?

A limit of $0.0005\%$ mercury.

What is the maximum allowed volume of cadmium in portable batteries according to the Battery directive?

A limit of $0.002\%$ cadmium.

As of 1 January $2017$, which previously excluded items were included in the Battery directive's cadmium restriction?

Cordless power tools.

How must batteries and accumulators be marked to show they should not be disposed of in normal waste?

With a crossed-out wheelie bin symbol.

What does the Mobius Loop symbol indicate on a product?

That the product may be recycled.

What does an SPI (Society of Plastics Industry) code specify on a polymer product?

The specific polymer resin used in production to aid in effective separation during recycling.

What is the main objective of the EU packaging and packaging waste directive ($94/62/EC$)?

To limit the production of packaging material and prompt its recycling and reuse.

According to the packaging directive, what percentage by weight of packaging waste must be recovered or incinerated with energy recovery?

At least $60\%$.

What are the three requirements for new packaging under EU member state monitoring?

Minimize weight/volume, reduce hazardous materials, and design for reuse or recovery.

What does the WEEE directive ($2002/96/EC$) regulate?

The end of life of electric and electronic equipment.

What is the difference between the RoHS and WEEE directives?

RoHS details materials allowed in a product, while WEEE covers the product's end of life.

What does the EC energy label's coloured scale represent?

A scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient).

How was the energy efficiency scale for washing machines updated on the new EC energy label introduced in $2010$?

The scale changed to $A+++$ to $D$.

What information are pictograms used to convey on the new EC energy label?

Key performance and efficiency information.

What are eco-labels?

Voluntary environmental certifications for products meeting specific environmental targets set for their category.

What is the scope of the EU Ecolabel throughout a product's life-cycle?

From raw material extraction to production, distribution, and disposal.

What is the maximum allow electrical energy consumption for a washing machine to receive the EU Ecolabel?

$\leq 0.17\,kWh/kg$ of washload.

What is the maximum allowed water consumption for a washing machine to receive the EU Ecolabel?

$\leq 12\,L$ per kg of washload.

What end-of-life requirement exists for washing machines under the EU Ecolabel criteria?

Eco-design to facilitate easy disassembly and the provision of a disassembly report.

What materials are represented by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) logo?

Timber, paper, or forest products sourced from well-managed forests and/or recycled materials.

Which three organizations endorse the FSC certification scheme?

WWF, Greenpeace, and The Woodland Trust.

What labor standards does the FSC guarantee for forest workers?

They must be local, trained, work in a safe environment, and receive a fair wage.

What is the purpose of the EU ENERGY STAR program?

To standardise how IT equipment is labelled to show the energy used when idle and in sleep mode.

Name the three categories of equipment covered by the EU ENERGY STAR scheme.

Computers (desktops/laptops/tablets), displays, and imaging equipment (printers/scanners/copiers).

According to the FSC, what must happen when trees are harvested to prevent deforestation?

They must be replaced or allowed to regenerate.