ADHD (PBT3)

-Inattentive

-Hyperactive-Impulsive

-Combined

Types of ADHD

ADHD that meets both Criterion A1 (inattention) AND Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) for the past 6 months

Combined Presentation

ADHD that meets Criterion A1 (inattention) but NOT Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) for the past 6 months

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

ADHD that meets Criterion A2 (hyperactivity-impulsivity) but NOT Criterion A1 (inattention) for the past 6 months

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

The region of brain that has lower activity in children w/ ADHD

Prefrontal Cortex

NE and DA

ADHD ppts - have too little or too much of this

-Psychostimulants

-NE reuptake inhibitor

-Antidepressants

-Alpha-2 noradrenergic agonists

Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD

-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

-Dextroamphetamine (Adderall)

-Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)

Psychostimulants Examples

A psychostimulant that BLOCKS DA and NE transporters, thereby INC-ing them in the synapse

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) MoA

-Psychostimulants that ENHANCES RELEASE /PUSHES OUT DA and NE from presynaptic terminals

-Weak MAO Inhibitor ** recall this

-Reverses flow of DA and NE transporters (outwardsss)

Amphetamines MoA

-Dextroamphetamine (Adderall)

-Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)

Psychostimulants Onset of Effect

Rapid (~1 hour)

-Loss of Appetite/Weight loss

-Stomachache

-Insomnia

-Headache

-Irritability/Jitterness

-Abuse potential/Addictive

Psychostimulants' SEs

Atomoxetione (Strattera)

NE Reuptake Inhibitor Example

-Selectively blocks NE transporters

-Slow onset of therapeutic effect (~2-4 weeks)

Atomoxetione (Strattera)

-Nausea

-Tachycardia

-Hypertension

-Fatigue

-Sedation

Atomoxetine (Strattera)'s SEs

-Desipramine (Norpramin)

-Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

-Others

TCAs Examples

-NE and 5-HT transporter blockers (but only NE is relevant here)

-Leads to INC in NE and 5-HT in synapse

TCAs MoA

-Desipramine (Norpramin)

-Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

-Sedation

-Dizziness

-Constipation

-Weight gain

-Tachycardia

TCAs SEs

Buproprion (Wellbutrin)

Other Antidepressants that are used for ADHD

-Blocks DA and NE transporter

-Moderate effect on ADHD compared to psychostimulants

Buproprion (Wellbutrin) MoA

-Clonidine (Catapres)

-Guanfacine (Tenex)

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist Examples

-Alpha-2 receptor agonists

-Primarily presynaptic autoreceptors

-Leads to DEC in NE release ** THE ONLY ONE THAT DEC IT IN THIS LIST

-Clonidine (Catapres)

-Guanfacine (Tenex)

-Dizziness

-Sedation

-Dry Mouth

-Hypotension

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists MoA

(Clonidine & Guanfacine)