Ch 28-29

Sperm production occurs in the

A) epididymis.

B) seminiferous tubules.

C) seminal glands (seminal vesicles).

D) rete testis.

E) ductus deferens

B) seminiferous tubules.

The site where fertilization normally occurs is in the

A) union of the vagina and uterus.

B) cervix.

C) fimbrae.

D) uterine wall near the fundus.

E) outer one-third of the uterine tube.

E) outer one-third of the uterine tube.

The portion of the urethra that passes through a column of erectile tissue to the external urethral meatus is the

A) membranous urethra.

B) corpus spongiosum.

C) spongy urethra.

D) vascular urethra.

E) penile urethra.

C) spongy urethra.

In ________, implantation occurs somewhere other than in the uterus.

A) abortion

B) placenta previa

C) ectopic pregnancy

D) hydramnios

E) spontaneous abortion

C) ectopic pregnancy

The inferior one-third portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the

A) fornix.

B) fundus.

C) isthmus.

D) cervix.

E) body.

D) cervix.

Fatty folds of skin that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestibule are the

A) ampullae.

B) mons pubis.

C) vestibular arches.

D) fornices.

E) labia majora.

E) labia majora.

By the end of gestation, maternal blood volume normally increases by almost ________ percent.

A) 50 B) 100 C) 20 D) 80 E) 25

A) 50

The solid ball of cells that has been likened to a mulberry is called a

A) morula.

B) blastula.

C) blastocyst.

D) gastrula.

E) chorion.

A) morula.

The clear liquid secreted by the mammary glands before milk production begins is called

A) colostrum.

B) milk.

C) plasma.

D) peritoneal.

E) serum

A) colostrum.

The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the

A) zona pellucida.

B) areola.

C) fornix.

D) zona reticularis.

E) peripapilla.

B) areola.

The muscle layer of the uterus is the

A) endometrium.

B) neurometrium.

C) epimetrium.

D) myometrium.

E) perimetrium.

D) myometrium.

The reproductive system

A) nourishes gametes.

B) stores gametes.

C) produces gametes.

D) transports gametes.

E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

The hormone called the hormone of pregnancy, inhibiting uterine contractions, is

A) hCG.

B) placental lactogen.

C) progesterone.

D) relaxin.

E) All of the answers are correct.

C) progesterone.

The ________ provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo.

A) stroma

B) uterus

C) ovary

D) corpus albicans

E) vagina

B) uterus

Which of the following statements concerning the vagina is false?

A) It loses a portion of its lining during menses.

B) It forms the lower portion of the birth canal.

C) It holds spermatozoa prior to their passage to the uterus.

D) It serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids.

E) It receives the penis during coitus

A) It loses a portion of its lining during menses.

Which of the following is not part of oocyte activation?

A) membrane depolarization

B) discharge of exocytotic vesicles

C) influx of sodium ion

D) release of calcium ion from smooth ER

E) softening of the zona pellucida

E) softening of the zona pellucida

The infancy stage of life is considered to be over at

A) 18 months.

B) 1 month.

C) age 2.

D) 3 months

E) 6 months.

C) age 2.

The term ________ means the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum by the time of birth.

A) vasculitis

B) priapism

C) orchitis

D) cryptorchidism

E) premature puberty

D) cryptorchidism

The stage of labor during which the fetus emerges from the vagina is called the ________ stage.

A) dilation

B) placental

C) emergence

D) fetal

E) expulsion

E) expulsion

The average length of the menstrual cycle is ________ days.

A) 19 B) 35 C) 21 D) 16 E) 28

E) 28

The primary follicle develops from the

A) primordial follicle.

B) ovarian hilum.

C) tunica albuginea.

D) ovarian stroma.

E) granulosa cells

A) primordial follicle.

Testosterone is secreted by the

A) hypothalamus.

B) nurse cells.

C) suprarenal cortex.

D) adenohypophysis.

E) interstitial cells.

E) interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the

A) Bartholin's gland.

B) prostate gland.

C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).

D) bulbourethral gland.

E) preputial gland.

B) prostate gland.

Sperm cannot fertilize an oocyte until they

A) are activated by sustentacular cells of the vagina.

B) lose their flagellum.

C) are in the vagina for 3 days.

D) undergo meiosis.

E) undergo capacitation

E) undergo capacitation

Uterine contractions that are irregular and brief that occur toward the end of gestation are called

A) expulsion.

B) false labor.

C) dilation.

D) true labor.

E) parturition.

B) false labor (Braxton-Hicks.)

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

A) corpus spongiosum.

B) glans penis.

C) penile urethra.

D) membranous urethra.

E) corpus cavernosum.

A) corpus spongiosum.

The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the

A) cervix.

B) uterine tube.

C) vagina.

D) uterus.

E) ovary.

D) uterus.

Contractions of the skeletal muscles of the pelvic floor result in

A) emission.

B) ejaculation.

C) detumescence.

D) impotence.

E) erection.

B) ejaculation

After ovulation, the ovary secretes

A) progesterone.

B) luteinizing hormone.

C) estrogen.

D) both estrogen and progesterone.

E) luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.

D) both estrogen and progesterone.

Which of the following is a type of sexually transmitted disease?

A) gonorrhea

B) chlamydia

C) AIDS

D) genital herpes

E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

During amphimixis,

A) gametes are formed.

B) the ovum finishes meiosis II.

C) the male and female pronuclei fuse.

D) sperm become haploid.

E) meiosis occurs.

C) the male and female pronuclei fuse.

____ is the medical specialty that focuses on postnatal development from infancy to adolescence.

A) Geriatrics

B) Orthopedics

C) Psychiatrics

D) Pediatrics

E) None of the answers is correct.

D) Pediatrics

Contraction of the cremaster muscles

A) tenses the scrotal sac and pulls the testes closer to the body cavity.

B) pulls the testes closer to the body cavity.

C) moves sperm through the ductus deferens.

D) tenses the scrotal sac.

E) propels sperm through the urethra

A) tenses the scrotal sac and pulls the testes closer to the body cavity.

Smooth muscle in dermis of scrotum that causes characteristic wrinkling of scrotal surface

A) Dartos muscle

B) Cremaster

A) Dartos muscle

The portion of the urethra that passes through the pelvic cavity floor is called the

A) prostatic urethra.

B) ureter.

C) penile urethra.

D) membranous urethra.

E) bulbourethral.

A) prostatic urethra.

Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus.

1. ductus deferens

2. urethra

3. ejaculatory duct

4. epididymis

4, 1, 3, 2

The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is

A) differentiation.

B) capacitation.

C) development.

D) embryogenesis.

E) All of the answers are correct.

C) development.

During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, the

A) old functional layer is sloughed off.

B) corpus luteum is forming.

C) fertilized ovum implants.

D) functional zone of the endometrium is restored.

E) endometrium finalizes the preparation for implantation.

D) functional zone of the endometrium is restored.

The ________ is the largest portion of the uterus.

A) fundus B) myometrium C) body D) internal os E) cervix

C) body

Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of

A) progesterone.

B) chorionic gonadotropin.

C) estrogen.

D) relaxin.

E) oxytocin.

E) oxytocin.

Problems with ligaments attachments to the uterus or stretched ligaments would result in

A) cervical cancer.

B) endometriosis.

C) a change in orientation of the uterus.

D) an increased probability of STDs.

E) All of the answers are correct

C) a change in orientation of the uterus.

Which of the following is the function of the ovaries?

A) formation of immature gametes

B) production of oocytes

C) secretion of inhibin

D) secretion of hormones

E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Polyspermia is prevented by the ________ reaction.

A) gollumina

B) gamete

C) cortical

D) polarity

E) metabolic

C) cortical

A blastocyst is a(n)

A) extraembryonic membrane.

B) origin of the urinary bladder.

C) portion of the placenta.

D) solid ball of cells.

E) hollow ball of cells.

E) hollow ball of cells.

The layer of follicle cells that surround the unfertilized egg is called the

A) tunica follicularis.

B) corona radiata.

C) zona pellucida.

D) Graafian follicle.

E) functional zone.

B) corona radiata.

The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the

A) prepuce.

B) corpus spongiosum.

C) ejaculatory duct.

D) penile urethra.

E) corpus cavernosum.

A) prepuce (foreskin)

The reproductive system includes

A) ducts that receive and transport the gametes.

B) organs for copulation.

C) accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids.

D) gonads and external genitalia.

E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

The reproductive system includes all of the following except

accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids.

glands and organs that produce and store urine.

ducts that receive and transport the gametes.

organs for copulation.

gonads and external genitalia.

glands and organs that produce and store urine.

The first stage of labor is the ________ stage.

A) decidual

B) neonate

C) dilation

D) expulsion

E) placental

C) dilation

The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

A) infundibulum.

B) uterine (Fallopian) tube.

C) uterosacral ligament.

D) vagina.

E) myometrium

B) uterine (Fallopian) tube.

The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the

A) prostate gland.

B) rete testis.

C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).

D) epididymis.

E) ductus deferens.

D) epididymis.

The clitoris

A) is derived from the same embryonic structures as the penis in males.

B) engorges with blood during sexual arousal.

C) is topped by a small erectile glans.

D) contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

A vasectomy would interfere with a man's ability to

A) ejaculate.

B) make sperm.

C) secrete testosterone.

D) deliver spermatozoa to the ejaculatory duct.

E) produce semen.

D) deliver spermatozoa to the ejaculatory duct.

Which of the following activities occurs during senescence?

A) accumulation of mutations

B) reduction in immune response

C) reduced mitosis in stem cells

D) decrease in the size of some cell populations

E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

The ________ is a pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the rectum.

A) fornix

B) rectouterine pouch

C) os

D) prostate

E) hymen

B) rectouterine pouch

The ________ is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix.

A) fornix

B) dartos

C) fundus

D) external os

E) rugae

A) fornix

A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in

A) oxytocin.

B) luteinizing hormone.

C) follicle-stimulating hormone.

D) progesterone.

E) estrogen.

B) luteinizing hormone

Which of the following does not occur during pregnancy?

A) A woman's respiratory rate and tidal volume increase.

B) A woman's bladder capacity increases.

C) A woman's glomerular filtration rate increases.

D) Maternal blood volume increases.

E) Maternal nutrient requirements increase.

B) A woman's bladder capacity increases.

The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the

A) corpus cavernosum.

B) urethra.

C) corpus spongiosum.

D) ejaculatory duct.

E) penis

E) penis

Which of the following does not occur at puberty?

A) Levels of sex hormones rise.

B) Gametogenesis begins.

C) FSH levels rise.

D) GnRH levels decline.

E) Secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop

D) GnRH levels decline.

Increased release of which of these hormones triggers the onset of puberty?

A. GnRH
B. LH
C. FSH
D. androgenic steroids

A. GnRH

Which of the following is directly responsible for an orgasm?

A) ejaculation

B) emission

C) erection

D) spermiogenesis

E) menarche

A) ejaculation

The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the placenta is the

A) umbilical vein.

B) uterine arteries.

C) iliac veins.

D) uterine veins.

E) umbilical arteries.

A) umbilical vein

Which set of blood vessels carries blood that is deoxygenated and transports fetal waste products from the fetus to the placenta?

A. umbilical veins
B. umbilical arteries
C. gonadal arteries
D. gonadal veins

B. umbilical arteries

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

A) menstruation.

B) atresia.

C) follicle maturation.

D) menopause.

E) ovulation.

E) ovulation.

The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA.

A) neck

B) acrosome

C) zona pellucida

D) head

E) corona radiata

D) head

In a(n) ________, an incision is made in the perineal musculature.

A) peritoneal cut

B) crowning

C) lumbar puncture

D) episiotomy

E) epidural

D) episiotomy

The reproductive organ that produces gametes is called a

girdle.

gland.

gonad.

duct.

womb.

gonad.

The male gonad is called a(n)

testis.

epididymis.

rete.

seminal vesicle.

prostate.

testis.

Which of these is NOT a similarity between the male and female reproductive systems?

Both will produce the same number of gametes over the person's lifetime.

Both contain accessory glands that secrete fluids into the reproductive system.

Both contain perineal structures collectively referred to as external genitalia.

Both produce gametes.

Both will produce the same number of gametes over the person's lifetime.

Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens (vas deferens) by

peristaltic contractions.

hydrostatic force.

suction.

ciliary action.

hydraulic action.

peristaltic contractions.

The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the

penile urethra.

membranous urethra.

corpora cavernosa.

corpus spongiosum.

foreskin.

corpora cavernosa.

The delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis is called the

median raphe.

tunica vaginalis.

dartos.

lamina propria.

tunica albuginea.

tunica vaginalis.

The PSA test is used for diagnosis of

prostatitis.

penile cancer.

premature puberty.

prostate cancer.

testicular cancer.

prostate cancer.

A typical ejaculation releases approximately ________ sperm.

20 million

100,000

800 million

1 million

250 million

250 million

If the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen

that lacked sperm.

with no mucus.

with a higher than normal pH.

with less fructose.

that was rich in prostaglandins.

with a higher than normal pH.

Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except

propelling sperm and fluids along the reproductive tract.

meeting the nutrient needs of sperm for motility.

producing buffers.

production of sperm.

activating the sperm.

production of sperm.

A normal sperm count ranges from approximately ________ sperm per milliliter.

1-2 million

10 million

20-100 million

500 million

100-150 million

20-100 million

Why are inguinal hernias generally associated with males?

Males have a gene on the Y chromosome that codes for inguinal hernia, whereas women do not have the Y chromosome.

Women have a thicker set of skeletal muscles in the abdominal wall compared to men.

The groin area is genetically weaker in men than in women because of the presence of the penis and testes.

Males have a canal through the abdominal wall that the testes move through, and it often does not close up properly.

Males work more strenuously than women, thereby damaging the abdominal wall.

Males have a canal through the abdominal wall that the testes move through, and it often does not close up properly.

The surgical removal of the foreskin is called

tubectomy.

pupectomy.

circumcision.

orchidectomy.

vasectomy.

circumcision

The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland (seminal vesicle) through the prostate.

ductus deferens

ejaculatory duct

epididymis

rete

vas deferens

ejaculatory duct

The ductus deferens passes through the ________ to enter the pelvic cavity.

canaliculi

urinary bladder

mesiobuccal canal

inguinal canal

epididymis

inguinal canal

The pampiniform plexus of the testicular vein is found within the

spermatic cord.

rete testis.

cremaster muscle.

raphe.

epididymis.

spermatic cord.

For normal sperm development, the testes must be kept about

4.8°C warmer than core body temperature.

1.1°C cooler than core body temperature.

4.8°C cooler than core body temperature.

the same temperature as the brain.

1.1°C warmer than core body temperature.

1.1°C cooler than core body temperature.

The first organ that sperm pass through is the __________.

ejaculatory duct

prostate gland

epididymis

ductus deferens

epididymis

Sperm develop from stem cells called

secondary spermatocytes.

spermatogonia.

sperm.

primary spermatocytes.

spermatids.

spermatogonia.

When spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called

sperm.

Sertoli cells.

spermatogonia.

spermatocytes.

spermatids.

spermatocytes.

The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by meiosis I are called

primary spermatocytes.

spermatogonia.

spermatids.

sperm.

secondary spermatocytes.

secondary spermatocytes.

The most important androgen is

androstenedione.

dehydroepiandrosterone.

dihydrotestosterone.

progesterone.

testosterone.

testosterone.

The hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis in males is

GH.

FSH.

LH.

PTH.

MSH.

FSH.

The broad ligament attaches to all of the following organs except the

uterine tubes.

oviducts.

ovaries.

uterus.

urinary bladder.

urinary bladder.

All of the following are functions of ovaries, except

production of oocytes.

formation of immature gametes.

secretion of hormones.

receives the ovum after ovulation.

secretion of inhibin.

receives the ovum after ovulation.

Another term for vulva is

accessory glands.

female external genitalia.

vagina.

labia.

gonads.

female external genitalia.

The segment of the uterine tube where fertilization commonly occurs is the

fimbriae.

posterior.

infundibulum.

ampulla.

boundary between the ampulla and isthmus.

boundary between the ampulla and isthmus.

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of the reproductive cancers because it

affects the elderly population.

is usually not diagnosed early.

is the most resistant to radiation therapy.

does not respond to any chemotherapy medications.

is the most aggressive.

is usually not diagnosed early.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term uterine tube?

has ciliated epithelium

covers the glans penis or glans clitoris

holds the uterus to the ovary

has stratified squamous epithelium

passes through erectile tissue in females

has ciliated epithelium

The ________ ligament extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall.

gubernaculum

round

mesovarium

suspensory

ovarian

suspensory

Sperm enter the cervical canal through the external

ampulla.

commissure.

fimbra.

isthmus.

os.

os (external)

The ________ ligaments extend from the base of the uterus and vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis.

mesovarium

uterosacral

round

broad

cardinal

cardinal

The painful condition that develops because epithelial tissue from the uterus is present in the peritoneal cavity is

orchitis.

endometriosis.

peritonitis.

ovarian cysts.

lymphedema

endometriosis.