crude oil

define crude oil

crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons

define fractional

separating liquids from a mixture that have very similar boiling points

after when the liquid in the flask evaporates, where does it go

goes to the fraction column

what does the fractional column do

condenses the liquids and makes them evaporates again, this improves the separation of liquids since the liquids have similar boiling points. 

in the fractional column, where is the small, medium and large molecules are going to be 

small- top of the fractional column

medium- middle of the fractional column

large- bottom of the fractional column

why does this happen (use large molecules as an example)

for example, large molecules are at the bottom because since they need a very high temperature to boil. They will be the slowest to evaporate than others.

What happens when all condense

they get trapped in the fractional column

what is the main fractions (from bottom to up)

bitumen

fuel oil

diesel

kerosene

gasoline (petrol)

refinery glass

what is bitumen for 

for road surfacing 

what is gasoline for 

fuel for ships, fuel for power stations

what is diesel for

fuel for buses

what is kerosene for

fuel for aircraft

what is gasoline (petrol) for

fuel for cars

what is refinery glass for

a gas used for heating or cooking

in the fractional column where are the large and small particles

large- bottom

small- up

what is the trend in fractions?

the the particle size becomes larger…

• higher boiling points

• darker colour

• thickness of liquid increases.

define fuel

substance that when is burned it releases energy.

what type of reaction is fuel

exothermic reaction (releases heat)

what are the products of complete combustion

carbon dioxide + water

hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

what are the products for incomplete combustion

carbon monoxide and water

hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + water

why is carbon monoxide poisonous

Because it can bind to the haemogoblin in the red blood cells, this makes transportation rate of oxygen to respiring cells decrease making the person feel fatigue and can die.

what do cars release

nitrogen and oxygen but in car engines there is a very high temperature so it forms nitrogen oxide

what is the dangers of nitrogen oxide

can contribute to acid rain.

how does sulphur dioxide created

bringing hydrocarbons that contain sulfur

what is the dangers of sulfur dioxide

can also contribute to acid rain

what is dangerous about acid rain

damages buildings (limestone material)

harms aquatic life

changes soil ph level killing plants

What is catalyst cracking

breaking hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbon chain

what is the catalyst and what is the temperature needed

catalyst- silva or aluminia

temperature- 600-700 degrees

what does cracking produce

alkenes

why is cracking necessary

becuase long chain hydrocarbons are less useful unlike the shorter chain hydrocarbons

how are alkenes are more useful

alkenes are more used for plastics/polymers

alkanes are more used for fuel