Bio Cell Organelle Test

what part of the cell membrane identifies the cell type?

recognition protein

what do transport proteins do?

help move substances across the cell membrane

what protein in the cell membrane recognizes and binds to substances outside the cell?

receptor protein

what protein in the cell membrane identifies the cell type?

recognition proteins

what items move through the cell membrane easily?

nonpolar, uncharged, and small items

why is the double layer of phospholipids created?

the nonpolar tails repel water

the cell membrane is...

selectively preamble

tail like structure used for cell locomotion

flagellum

what organisms have flagellum?

animals and bacteria (few plants)

short hair like extensions used for cell locomotion

cillia

what cells have cillia?

animal cells

what cell have a cell membrane?

all cells (bacteria, animal, and plant cells)

what cells contain a cell wall?

bacteria and plant cells

what carb makes up the cell wall?

cellulose

what is the plasma desmata?

pores in plant cell walls

what is the cell wall used for?

rigid support (protection and shape)

everything in the cell that isnt an organelle

cytoplasm

what does the nucleus house

genetic information (DNA)

the nucleus is responsible for

directing cell activity

the nucleus contains _____, a loose version of DNA

chromatin

what organisms contain a nucleus, nuclear pore, and nucleolus?

plants and animals

what is the nuclear membrane made of?

a double phospholipid bilayer with transport proteins

what are nuclear pores?

transport proteins that allow RNA, ribosomes, and other material (not DNA) in and out of the nucleus

what do ribosomes make?

proteins

structure of ribosomes

a small sub-unit stacked on top of a large sub-unit with a strand of messenger RNA strand in between

what organisms contain ribosomes?

plants, animals, and bacteria

what area of the cell makes ribosomes?

nucleolus

what are mitochondria?

an organelle that turns energy into ATP during cellular respiration

what is the folded inner membrane of the mitochondria called?

the cristae

the circular DNA and ribosomes located within chloroplast and mitochondria means that they...

originated as a prokaryotic organism

what is the space in between the membranes of the mitochondria called?

inter-membrane space

explain the membranes of the mitochondria

there is a smooth outer membrane then an inner folded membrane (cristae) around the matrix

what is the mitochondria known as

the powerhouse of the cell

which cells have the most mitochondria?

highly active cells such as muscle cells

what cells contain mitochondria?

animal and plant cells

number 12

transport protein

number 8

integral protein

number 7

peripheral protein

what organisms contain chloroplast?

plants

what is a single disc in chloroplast called?

a thylacoid

what is a stack of thylacoids?

granum

what is the gooey interior of a chloroplast called?

stroma

what is the function of chloroplast?

its the site of photosynthesis (light energy is turned into food)

what pigment is used in photosynthesis?

chlorophyll

what is the rough ER?

a folded system of connected membranes with attached ribosomes

what does the rough ER do?

fold and sends protein to the golgi body

where is rough ER found?

next to the nucleus in plant and animal cells

what is the smooth ER?

a system of smooth connected membranes that lack ribosomes

what is the function of the smooth ER?

makes lipids, carbs and detoxifies drugs and poisions

what cells include an abundance of smooth ER?

liver cells

what cells have smooth ER?

animal and plant cells

what can the golgi body be compared to?

a stack of pancakes

what is the Golgi apparatus known as within the cell?

the shipping center, amazon, or ups of the cell

what is the function of the Golgi body?

receives vesicles from the rough ER, modifies them, then ships them out

what cells have the golgi complex?

animal and plant cells

what is the central vacuole?

a large membrane-covered sac that mostly stores water

what does the central vacuole store?

water (can store food, waste, and poisons)

in what organisms are central vacuoles found?

plants

what is a vesicle?

a small spherical sac surrounded by a single membrane that travel around a cell

what does a vesicle do?

used to transport proteins in the cell

what organisms contain vesicles?

animals (rarely plants)

what is a peroxisome?

an organelle that contains enzymes to help breakdown toxic substances creating H2O2 which is eventually turned into water

when you see the peroxi part of the name peroxisome, you should think of...

hydrogen peroxide, H2O2

in what cells do you see an abundance of peroxisomes?

liver cells

what organisms contain peroxisomes?

plants and animals

what are lysosomes?

an organelle that breaks down worn out cell parts or food vacuole contents

what is autophagy?

recycling of worn out cell parts using lysosomes

what do lysosomes contain that help break down contents in the cell?

digestive enzymes

what is it called when enzymes leak out of a lysosome causing cell destruction?

apoptosis

what type of cells contain lysosomes?

animal cells

what is the cytoskeleton

a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol

what are the three proteins used in the cytoskeleton?

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

support cell shape and help move organelles around the cell

what cells is the cytoskeleton found in?

plant and animal cells

what is a centriole?

two short cylinders (barrels) of microtubules

where are the centrioles located during cell division?

at each end of the cell

what process do centrioles assist with?

cell division

what organisms contain centrioles?

animals

what is the smallest rope like protein in the cytoskeleton?

a microfilament

what is the medium size cable like protein seen in the cytoskeleton?

intermediate filament

what is the hollow and largest protein seen in the cytoskeleton?

a microtubule

what do all proteins in the cell begin as?

a free ribosome