Body systems quiz #1

Connective tissue

binds and supports body tissues

Epithelial tissue

tissues that cover internal and external surfaces of your body

Feedback mechanism (negative feedback loop)

helps maintain homeostasis, when reached, it stops the cycle

Salivary gland

produces spit

Amylase

an enzyme made by pancreas that digests complex sugar starches into simple sugars

Protease

enzymes that break down protein

Lipase

an enzyme that digests fats in blood, stomach acid, pancreas

Epiglottis

cartilage that protects larynx/voice box to help you swallow

Esophagus

pushes food down into the stomach

Liver

removes toxins from blood, makes bile, metabolism

Pancreas

makes insulin to help with sugar levels, makes enzymes that digests fats and starches

Insulin

hormone that breaks down fats and proteins, helps you use sugar for energy

Glucagon

prevents blood glucose/sugar levels from getting too low

Glycogen

stored as glucose in liver and muscles, main energy source for cells.

Small intestine

absorbs nutrients from chyme

Villi

hairlike things that poke out in the small intestine to increase surface area for more nutrient absorption

Large intestine

absorbs water

Stomach

mixes food with gastric juices to break down food into chyme

Chyme

half digested food from the stomach

Elimination

removal of wastes with bile by liver

Artery

carries blood away from the heart, the biggest veins

Vein

carries blood back to the heart

Capillary

smallest blood vessels in body, carries nutrients and oxygen to organs

Pulmonary (circulation)

brings blood back to the heart and lungs to release carbon dioxide

Aorta

largest artery in the body, carries blood away from the heart

Valves

flap that closes over tracts so things go in the right tube

Vena cava

big vein that carries blood to the heart

White blood cell

eats viruses

Red blood cell

transports gases and nutrients throughout body in blood

Platelet

helps seal up damaged blood vessels

Plasma

liquid that helps recover from injury, removes waste to prevent infection, travels through blood

Trachea

tube that connects larynx (voice box) to lungs

Bronchus (bronchi)

two tubes that carry air to lungs from windpipe

Bronchiole

branches off trachea to form small airways in lungs

Alveoli

air sacs that store oxygen after you breathe

Diaphragm

muscle under lungs that helps you breathe

Hormone

chemicals with specific function in body

Gland

tissues that create and releases substances

Target cell

cell that receives a specific hormone

Receptor

detects changes in external and internal environment

Hypothalamus

makes chemicals to control release of hormones in the pituitary gland

Pituitary

controls most other hormone making glands

Adrenal gland

releases stress hormones, located above both kidneys