Lecture on Seed Plants and Angiosperms

These flashcards cover key topics related to seed plants and angiosperms, including their structures, functions, reproductive systems, and adaptations.

What structures are present in angiosperms?

Angiosperms possess covered seeds, flowers, and in some cases, fruit.

What is vector pollination?

Vector pollination is the process where insects and other pollinators transfer pollen from one flower to another while collecting nectar.

What are the two main sporophytes of an angiosperm?

Seed and fruit.

What is the function of roots in plants?

Roots absorb water and nutrients, and anchor the plant.

What characterizes the shoot of a plant?

The shoot consists of all above-ground structures such as leaves, stems, and flowers; it functions in photosynthesis, support, and seed dispersal.

What are the two types of cotyledons in angiosperms?

Monocotyledons (monocots) with one cotyledon and dicotyledons (dicots) with two cotyledons.

What is a key characteristic of monocots?

Monocots have leaves with parallel veins and flowers with petals in multiples of three.

What distinguishes dicots from monocots?

Dicots have leaves with branching veins and flowers with petals in multiples of four or five.

Name a feature of gymnosperms.

Gymnosperms are cone-bearing plants that develop seeds in cones.

What are the main types of gymnosperms?

Cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers.

What adaptations do gymnosperms have for survival?

Needle-like leaves, thick cuticles, and matured cones at different times to prevent self-fertilization.

What are the main features of seed plants?

Roots, stems, and leaves that are adapted for terrestrial life with vascular tissue.

What is the difference between male and female cones in gymnosperms?

Male cones (pollen cones) produce pollen while female cones (seed cones) produce eggs.

What is the role of pollen grains in reproduction?

Pollen grains contain the male gametophyte and are essential for pollination.

What happens after fertilization in seed plants?

The fertilized egg develops into a zygote, which grows into an embryo within a seed.

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles, whereas animal cells do not.