Nervous and Digestive Systems

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary related to the nervous system and digestive processes.

Neuron

Basic structural unit of the nervous system that conducts nerve impulses.

Neuroglia

Supportive cells in the nervous system that protect and support neurons.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves that link the CNS with the rest of the body.

Dendrite

Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals.

Axon

A long, thin structure that transmits impulses away from the cell body of a neuron.

Myelin Sheath

A fatty layer that covers axons, increasing the speed of nerve transmission.

Saltatory Conduction

The transmission of nerve impulses from one Node of Ranvier to another, allowing faster signal propagation.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that can be either excitatory or inhibitory.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter associated with the body's 'fight or flight' response.

GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)

An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Reflex Arc

A neural pathway that controls a reflex action.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Liver

An organ involved in detoxification, metabolism, and the production of bile.

Pancreas

An organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions, including the secretion of digestive enzymes and insulin.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Erythropoiesis

The production of red blood cells.

Platelets

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Lymphatic System

A network that helps return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and plays a role in immune responses.

Gastrointestinal System

Comprises organs for digestion and absorption of nutrients.