Bio 181 Module 4 (assignments)

OpenStax Reading Assignment Cpt 14-15.5

If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27 percent A, what would be the percentage of C?

23 percent

DNA double helix does not have which of the following?

Uracil

In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?

histones

Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode?

semi-conservative

Which of the following components is not involved during the formation of the replication fork?

ligase

Which of the following does the enzyme primase synthesize?

RNA primer

In which direction does DNA replication take place?

5’-3’

Which of the following is not a true statement comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

DNA replication always occurs in the nucleus.

During proofreading, which of the following enzymes reads the DNA?

DNA polymerase

The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is ________

DNA polymerase proofreading

states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of proteins

central dogma

three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the insertion of an amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation

Codon

nucleotides following the initiation site in the direction of mRNA transcription; in general, sequences that are toward the 3' end relative to a site on the mRNA

downstream

process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA

splicing

AUG (or rarely, GUG) on an mRNA from which translation begins; always specifies methionine

start codon

conserved promoter sequence in eukaryotes and prokaryotes that helps to establish the initiation site for transcription

tata box

The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?

degeneracy

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

36

Which feature of promoters can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

TATA box

The region of unwinding is called what?

transcription bubble

Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for initiating translation?

7-methylguanosine cap

The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the ________

nucleolus

295bp

how do enhancers and promoters differ?

Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation

modification added to the 5' end of pre-mRNAs to protect mRNA from degradation and assist translation

7-methylguanosine cap

enzyme that “charges” tRNA molecules by catalyzing a bond between the tRNA and a corresponding amino acid

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

three-nucleotide sequence in a tRNA molecule that corresponds to an mRNA codon

anticodon

sequence present in protein-coding mRNA after completion of pre-mRNA splicing

exon

one of the three mRNA codons that specifies termination of translation

nonsense codon

sequence of triplet codons in mRNA that specify a particular protein; a ribosome shift of one or two nucleotides in either direction completely abolishes synthesis of that protein

reading frame