ushistory3/3

What was the Cold War? Years fought? Between primarily what two countries?

A period of tension from 1947-1991 between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Explain the containment policy.

U.S. strategy to stop the spread of communism.

Explain the Truman Doctrine.

U.S. support to countries resisting communism, starting with Greece and Turkey.

What two countries were successfully defended by the Truman Doctrine?

Greece and Turkey.

How did the Marshall Plan demonstrate the U.S. commitment to Europe?

U.S. economic aid to Western Europe to prevent communism.

What leader established a communist regime in China? How did the U.S. 'lose' China?

Mao Zedong. The U.S. lost China because communism took over in 1949.

Explain the events of the Korean War.

Conflict (1950–1953) between communist North Korea and non-communist South Korea. U.S. supported South Korea.

What is the division between North and South Korea?

Divided at the 38th parallel after WWII.

Why was the U.S. involved in countries of the world like Korea, Greece, and Turkey?

To stop communism from spreading (domino theory).

Explain the domino theory in regards to why the U.S. was involved in countries such as Korea.

Belief that if one country fell to communism, others would follow.

What was the impact of the Cuban Revolution?

Fidel Castro overthrew the Cuban government in 1959, establishing communism.

Describe the events (including the goal) of the Bay of Pigs invasion.

The Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) was a failed U.S. attempt to overthrow Castro in Cuba by backing Cuban exiles. The invasion ended in defeat, strengthening Castro’s rule.

What was the impact of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion?

A failed U.S. attempt in 1961 to overthrow Castro.

Explain the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The Soviet Union placed missiles in Cuba, leading to a tense standoff with the U.S.

What was the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962?

The Soviets removed the missiles in exchange for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba.

Apply the containment policy to Vietnam and Cuba.

In 1962, Soviets placed missiles in Cuba, leading to a standoff with the U.S.

Explain the events of the Vietnam War (U.S. involvement and goals).

U.S. fought to stop the spread of communism in South Vietnam.

Explain the significance of the 17th parallel and what it symbolizes.

Dividing line between North Vietnam (communist) and South Vietnam (non-communist).

Explain the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and its impact.

Gave U.S. president authority to fight in Vietnam.

What was the 'baby boom' and what impact did it have on American society?

A sharp increase in birth rates after WWII, leading to growth in families and suburbs.

Explain the parts/provisions of the GI Bill.

Provided veterans with benefits like education and home loans.

Describe Levittown.

A large suburban development for returning veterans.

How did the GI Bill lead to the growth of suburbs?

Helped families buy homes, fueling suburban growth.

Explain Executive Order 9981.

Desegregated the U.S. military.

What were the reasons for President Truman to integrate the military?

President Truman integrated the military to promote racial equality, improve military efficiency, and respond to civil rights pressures.

Explain the Second Red Scare.

Fear of communism spreading in the U.S. after WWII.

Explain the role of Senator Joseph McCarthy.

Senator who led anti-communist witch hunts.

What was the outcome of the 'Army-McCarthy hearings'?

McCarthy's downfall after he was exposed for making false accusations.

What does the term 'McCarthyism' mean?

The practice of making unsupported accusations of communism.

Explain the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

Network of highways built for defense and civilian use.

Explain the original purpose of the Interstate Highway Act.

Purpose was to improve transportation and national defense.

Explain the impact of the construction of the highways on US cities and society.

Led to suburban growth and changes in city life.

The NAACP cited which amendment to fight to desegregate schools? Why that amendment?

Used the Equal Protection Clause to fight segregation in schools.

Explain the impact of the course case, Brown v. Board of Education.

Supreme Court case that ended racial segregation in public schools.

What court case did Brown v. Board overturn?

Supreme Court case.

Explain the 'massive resistance' to the Brown decision.

Southern states' opposition to desegregation after Brown v. Board.

Describe the Little Rock Nine.

Nine African American students who integrated Central High School in 1957.

How did President Eisenhower intervene at Little Rock Central High School?

Sent troops to ensure the Little Rock Nine could attend school.

What was Sputnik and what country launched it?

The first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.

Describe the impacts of the launch of Sputnik I.

Sparked the U.S. space race and increased focus on science education.

What was the US' response to the launch of Sputnik?

Increased funding for science and technology education, leading to NASA.

Explain the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

Founded by MLK; focused on civil rights activism.

Explain the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

Student-led group focused on civil rights activism.

What tactics did the SNCC use?

Focused on nonviolent protests.

What is a Sit-in?

Nonviolent protests at segregated lunch counters.

What were Freedom Rides?

Integrated bus rides to challenge segregation.

What was Freedom Summer?

1964 campaign to register African American voters in the South.

Explain the events (and reaction of police) to demonstrators in the March on Birmingham.

Protests against segregation; police used force against demonstrators.

Explain the purpose of MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail.

MLK’s defense of nonviolent protest.

What did the March on Washington/I Have a Dream speech lead to?

Led to passage of the Civil Rights Act.

What did the March on Selma lead to?

Led to passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Explain the goals of the United Farm Workers and the role of Cesar Chavez.

Led by Cesar Chavez, focused on farm workers' rights.

Explain the goals of the National Organization for Women (NOW).

Focused on gender equality and women's rights.

Explain the goals of the Asian American Movement.

Advocated for civil rights and recognition of Asian Americans.

Explain the impact of JFK’s assassination.

Led to LBJ becoming president and passing civil rights laws.

Explain the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Ended segregation and discrimination in public places.

Explain the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Eliminated voting restrictions, especially in the South.

Describe LBJ’s Great Society (and goal/purpose).

LBJ’s program to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.

Explain the purpose of Medicare and Medicaid.

Healthcare programs for elderly and low-income people.

Compare the New Deal and the Great Society. How are they similar?

Both aimed to help the poor, but the Great Society also focused on civil rights.

Describe the role of TV on the 1960 presidential debates.

TV helped JFK win against Nixon.

Describe the role of TV on the Civil Rights Movement.

Showed the violence against protesters, gaining public support for civil rights.

Describe the role of TV on the moon landing.

Broadcasted the 1969 moon landing to millions.

Describe the role of TV on the news coverage of Vietnam.

Brought the brutal realities of the war into American homes.

Explain the events and impact of the Tet Offensive.

A surprise attack by North Vietnam, showing the war was far from over.

Explain the events and impact of the assassination of MLK.

Led to nationwide riots and mourning.

Explain the events and impact of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy (RFK).

Occurred during his 1968 presidential campaign, shocking the nation.

Explain the events and impact of the riots at the Democratic National Convention.

Led to chaos and police violence.

Who won the Election of 1968?

Richard Nixon