Organ Systems- HSCI CH 1

Organ Systems

Integumentary System

protective barrier, protection from things entering/leaving, (hair, skin,nails)

Skeletal System

framework of the body, protects internal organs, (bones & joints)

Muscular System

Produces movement, (skeletal muscles)

Cardiovascular System

transportation of blood around body like nutrients, waste (blood vessels, heart)

Urinary System

removal of waste body as urine (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)

Nervous/Organ System

regulation of body systems through electrical signals (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

Endocrine System

regulates body functions through hormones (pancreas, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testes)

Reproductive System

creation of fetus/life (testis, penis, ovary, uterus, vagina)

Digestive System

breaking down food into smallest units (mouth, salivary gland)

Respiratory System

exchange of gasses, O2, CO2 (nasal cavity, pharynx)

Lymphatic System

protective against foreign substances, regulates blood volume (tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen)

How many organ systems are there??

11

Anatomy

study of the structure/form of body parts and their relationship to one another

Examples of Anatomy

gross/microscopic, macroscopic, developmental

Physiology

the study of the function of body parts

Examples of Physiology

regional or system, cell and molecular

Levels of Structural Organization (6)

1) chemical level

2) cellular level

3) tissue level

4) organ level

5) organ system level

6) organism level

Anatomical Position

body upright, face forward, feet shoulders width apart, arms by side, face/toes/palms facing forward

Prone

laying face down on stomach

Supine

laying face up on back, (SPINE)

Superior

towards the head (UP)

Inferior

towards the feet (down, fear(scared))

Rostal

towards the nose (ro- rhino: nose)

Cranial

towards the head (cranium)

Caudal

towards the tail (cradle- fetus ‘tail’)

Anterior

towards the front

Ventral

towards the front (vent)

Posterior

towards the back (er, rear, butt)

Dorsal

towards the back (door closed)

Medial

CLOSER to midline (middle)

Lateral

FARTHER from the midline (laaaaaaaaaaaa)

Ipsilateral

RIGHT side

Contralateral

OPPOSITE side of the body (contradicts)

Directional Terms (LIMBS)

relationship to attachment points (shoulder, hips)

Attachment Points

shoulder and/or hips

Proximal

CLOSER to attachment point (approx)

Distal

FARTHER from attachment point (distance)

Directional Terms (DEPTHS)

describes how close a structure is to the body surface/skin

Superficial

CLOSER to the surface (su- surface)

Deep

FURTHER from the surface (deep=far)

Regional Terms

Axial region, Appendicular region

Axial Region

composed of the head, neck, trunk

Appendicular Region

composed of the upper extremity, lower extremity

Anatomical Regions

composed of the thorax(between neck and abdomen), abdomen

Plane

imaginary line of division

Section

resulting cut

Frontal Plane

anterior (front), posterior (back). FRONT

Sagittal Plane

left and right segment, midsagittal, parasagittal (SIGHT, eyes)

Midsagittal

even split (MID-)

Parasagittal

uneven parallel split (PARA-)

Transverse Plane

up (superior), and down (inferior) : (REVERSE)

Oblique Plane

cut an an angle

Cavity

fluid filled space, only in axial region

Purpose of Cavities

protects internal organs

Cranial Cavity

brain cavity

Vertebral Cavity

spinal cord cavity

Serous Membranes

lines subdivision of ventral cavities

Parietal Layer

lines internal surface of body wall

Visceral Layer

covers outside of organ (viscera)

Serous Cavity

space between membranes

Why is the Serous Cavity filled with serious fluid??

reduces friction of organs against body wall

Pleuera

associated with lung

Pericardium

associated with heart (cardi)

Peritoneum

associated with abdominal pelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

quadrants are midsagittal and transverse

RUQ

Right Upper Quadrant

RLQ

Right Left Quadrant

LUQ

Left Upper Quadrant

LLQ

Left Lower Quadrant

How many Abdominopelvic QUADRANTS are there?

4 quadrants

How many Abdominopelvic Regions are there??

9 regions

Abdominopelvic Regions

regions are parasagittal and transverse

First column of the Abdominopelvic Regions are…

Right Hypochondriac region, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac Region

Second column of the Abdominopelvic Regions are…

Right Lumbar Region, Umbilical Region, Left Lumbar Region

Third column of the Abdominopelvic Regions are…

Right Iliac Region, Hypogastric Region, Left Iliac Region

Hypo-

below

Umbilical

belly button

Lumbar

beneath rib cage, above hip

Iliac

lower area of abdomen, near hip bone

Epigastric

upper middle region of abdomen, directly below ribcage, above belly button

Hypogastric

lower middle part of belly, above pubic bone

Hypochondriac

upper-lateral sections of abdomen