SSE 2

Geography

Study of places and human-environment relationships.

Greek Scholars

Pioneers of early geographical thought and principles.

Homer

Wrote epics emphasizing place and cultural identity.

Herodotus

Documented travels, known as the 'Father of History'.

Plato

Proposed philosophical inquiries and the round Earth concept.

Aristotle

Categorized climates, advanced physical geography.

Torrid Zone

One of Aristotle's three climatic zones, hot region.

Temperate Zone

Moderate climatic zone, suitable for diverse life.

Frigid Zone

Cold climatic zone, characterized by low temperatures.

Mathematical Tradition

Focused on measurements and mapping in geography.

Literary Tradition

Descriptive accounts of places in geographical studies.

Anaximander

Introduced gnomon for measuring the sun's position.

Eratosthenes

First scientific geographer, calculated Earth's circumference.

Latitude and Longitude

Systems established by Eratosthenes for geographic location.

Ekumene

Inhabited world divided into continents by Eratosthenes.

Climatic Zones

Five zones based on temperature variations described by Eratosthenes.

Human-Environment Relationships

Geography explains natural features influencing human activities.

Dark Ages

Period (500-1500 AD) of stagnation in geographical studies.

Roman Geography

Practical application of geography for infrastructure and empire.

Arab Scholars

Preserved and enhanced ancient geographical knowledge during Dark Ages.

Cartography

Science of map-making, advanced by Greek scholars.

Empirical Observation

Method emphasizing observation in scientific inquiry.

Cultural Identity

Sense of belonging shaped by geographical context.

Gnomon

Instrument for measuring the sun's position.

Cave Allegory

Plato's metaphor illustrating distorted perceptions of reality.

Geographical Features

Natural elements influencing human societal development.

Scientific Inquiry

Systematic investigation in geography established by Aristotle.

Socio-Political Upheaval

Caused loss of classical knowledge during Dark Ages.

Islamic Golden Age

Period of significant advancements in geography (8th-14th centuries).

Al-Idrisi

Notable Arab geographer known for detailed maps.

Tabula Rogeriana

Al-Idrisi's influential map work integrating diverse knowledge.

Cartography

The art and science of map-making.

Empirical Observations

Knowledge gained through direct experience and experimentation.

Renaissance

Period reviving interest in classical knowledge and geography.

Immanuel Kant

German philosopher influencing modern geographical thought.

Spatial Relationships

Connections between different geographic phenomena and locations.

Subjective Frameworks

Perceptions of space and time shaped by human experience.

Universal Geography

Kant's concept examining interconnections among geographic phenomena.

Alexander von Humboldt

Father of modern geography, integrated empirical and environmental studies.

Kosmos

Humboldt's work emphasizing natural environments and human interactions.

Environmental Determinism

Theory that environment shapes human culture and behavior.

Ellen Churchill Semple

Scholar advocating environmental determinism in geography.

Geographical Factors

Elements like climate and topography influencing societal development.

Synthesis of Knowledge

Combining Greek and Arab geographical insights for advancement.

Trade Routes

Paths followed for commerce, significant in map-making.

Innovations in Measurement

New methods for accurately measuring distances in geography.

Regional Characteristics

Distinctive features of a specific geographic area.

Holistic Approach

Understanding geography through interdependence of systems.

Philosophical Underpinnings

Foundational ideas influencing the study of geography.

Analytical Understanding

Geography studied through analysis rather than mere description.

Cognitive Faculties

Mental processes involved in understanding geographic concepts.

Field Studies

Research conducted in natural settings to gather data.

Natural Resources

Materials provided by the Earth, influencing human societies.

Interconnectedness

The relationship and dependence between different geographic elements.

Classical Knowledge

Ancient ideas preserved and expanded during the Renaissance.

Geographic Phenomena

Events or features occurring in specific geographic contexts.

Environmental Determinism

Theory linking environment to cultural practices.

British Geography

Focus on regional studies and physical characteristics.

Halford Mackinder

Introduced Heartland Theory for geopolitical strategies.

Heartland Theory

Control over Eurasia crucial for global dominance.

Vladimir Vernadsky

Integrated ecology into geography with biosphere concept.

Biosphere

Layer where life interacts with Earth's systems.

Human-Environment Interaction

Study of how environments influence societal development.

Quantitative Revolution

Mid-20th century shift to statistical methods in geography.

Statistical Methods

Techniques for analyzing spatial patterns and relationships.

Descriptive Statistics

Summarizes data characteristics in geographic research.

Inferential Statistics

Draws conclusions from sample data in geography.

Mathematical Models

Frameworks for analyzing geographic phenomena quantitatively.

Gravity Models

Predicts interaction between locations based on size.

Location Theories

Explains economic activity distribution in geography.

Central Place Theory

Framework for understanding urban economic distribution.

Critical Geography

Focuses on social inequalities within geographic contexts.

Feminist Geography

Examines gender dynamics in spatial contexts.

Regional Analysis

Study of specific areas' characteristics and interactions.

Resource Distribution

How resources are spread across geographic areas.

Population Dynamics

Changes in population size and structure over time.

Cultural Practices

Behaviors and traditions shaped by geographic contexts.

Geopolitical Strategies

Political tactics based on geographic positioning.

Ecological Relationships

Interactions between organisms and their environments.

Spatial Theories

Frameworks for understanding geographic distributions and patterns.

Post-1970s Criticism

Challenges to quantitative methods neglecting human aspects.

David Harvey

Scholar advocating for critical perspectives in geography.

Human Dimension

Social factors influencing geographic phenomena.

Nuanced Understanding

Complex insights into human-environment interactions.

Quantitative Revolution

Shift to data-driven analysis in geography.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Technology for organizing spatial data from various sources.

Remote Sensing Technology

Data collection about Earth's surface via satellites.

Spatial Issues

Contemporary problems addressed through geographic analysis.

Post-modernism

Critique of universal truths in geography.

Relativism

Emphasis on diverse spatial experiences and perspectives.

Marginalized Communities

Groups often overlooked in geographic studies.

Post-structuralism

Explores language's role in understanding space.

Social Construction of Knowledge

Geographic knowledge shaped by societal discourse.

Power Dynamics

Influence of power on geographic knowledge production.

Post-colonialism

Critique of colonial legacies in geography.

Decolonizing Methodologies

Approaches recognizing indigenous perspectives in research.

Population Geography

Study of human populations and their distributions.

Migration

Movement of people between locations.

Immigration

Entering a new country to reside.

Emigration

Leaving one's home country to settle elsewhere.