AP Biology Functional Groups

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Last updated 9:41 AM on 9/11/26
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7 Terms

1
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Hydroxyl

-OH

Polar, hydrogen bonding

Sugars, Alcohols

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Carbonyl

C=O

Polar, reactive

Aldehydes, ketones

3
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Carboxyl

-COOH

Acidic, donates H⁺

Amino acids, fatty acids

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Amino

–NH₂

Basic, accepts H⁺

Amino acids

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Phosphate

–PO₄²⁻

Negatively charged, energy transfer

ATP, DNA, RNA

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Methyl

–CH₃

Nonpolar, hydrophobic

DNA methylation

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Sulfhydryl

–SH

Forms disulfide bonds

Proteins (cysteine)