AP Psychology Unit 5 Treatment

Psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Biomedical Therapies

The use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders.

Eclectic approach to therapy

drawing on multiple theories and approaches to tailor treatment for a client

Psychoanalysis

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Transference

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Psychodynamic Therapy

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insightInsight therapies

Insight therapies

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Person Centered therapy

therapy centering on the client's goals and ways of solving problems

Active Listening

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.

Biofeedback

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension

Unconditional Positive regard

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Behavior therapy

a treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements

counterconditioning

A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.

Exposure Therapies

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid

Aversive Conditioning

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

Family Therapy

therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family membersGroup Therapy

Group Therapy

treating a group of people who have similar problems and who meet regularly with a trained counselor

Cognitive Therapy

a treatment method designed to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, or self-destructive

Systematic Desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

based on a combination of substituting healthy thoughts for negative thoughts and beliefs and changing disruptive behaviors in favor of healthy behaviors

Token Economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Therapeutic Alliance

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

Meta analysis

a "study of studies" that combines the findings of multiple studies to arrive at a conclusion

evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Psychopharmacology

the study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

the use of strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study brain regions

Psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Lobotomy

A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

Posttraumatic Growth

positive life changes and psychological development following exposure to trauma

Dissociation

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others