SOCIAL SCIENCE MEET 1

What is psychology

The scientific study of mind and behaviour

What is the mind

The intangible part related to what a person thinks and feels

What is the brain

A physical organ that a person has

What key feature separates the mind from the brain

The mind is intangible while the brain is physical

Who is associated with the first experimental psychology laboratory

Wilhelm Wundt

What major approach did Wilhelm Wundt use in psychology

The scientific method

Why is Wilhelm Wundt important to the development of psychology

He helped prepare the way for psychology to develop further

What is a school of thought

A group of people who share a way of thinking or explaining a subject

Who are the key persons connected with structuralism

Edward Titchener and Wilhelm Wundt

What was Edward Titchener's relationship to Wilhelm Wundt

Titchener was a student of Wundt

What does structuralism try to understand

The basic parts that make up mental experiences

What method is strongly associated with structuralism

Introspection

What is introspection

Looking inward and examining one's own thoughts feelings or mental experiences

Why did structuralism decline according to the reviewer

Perception subjectivity

A participant is asked to report the basic elements of a personal mental experience. What method is being used

Introspection

A psychologist breaks conscious experience into basic mental elements. Which school of thought is shown

Structuralism

Who is the key proponent of functionalism

William James

What does functionalism study

How mental processes operate in individuals

How does functionalism connect mental processes with survival

It examines how mental processes contribute to adaptation to the environment

Why did functionalism end according to the reviewer

There was no clear leader

A researcher asks how memory helps a person adapt to daily demands. Which school of thought best fits

Functionalism

What does Gestalt psychology emphasize

People naturally perceive objects as wholes rather than separate parts

Who are the key persons in Gestalt psychology

Max Wertheimer Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka

What is the phi phenomenon

An optical illusion in which movement is perceived when there is none

A row of lights flashes in sequence and appears to move. What Gestalt example is demonstrated

Phi phenomenon

What is the Gestalt principle of Pragnanz

We naturally perceive things in their simplest form or organization

A complicated pattern is immediately seen as a few simple shapes. What principle is shown

Pragnanz

What is the Gestalt principle of similarity

We naturally group items based on shared features such as color size or orientation

Several shapes of the same form are perceived as belonging together. What principle is shown

Similarity

What is the Gestalt principle of proximity

Objects that are near each other are naturally viewed as one group

Dots placed close together are seen as clusters. What principle is shown

Proximity

What is the Gestalt principle of continuity

Elements arranged on a line or curve are perceived as related

A viewer follows a smooth curved line rather than seeing isolated marks. What principle is shown

Continuity

What is the Gestalt principle of closure

Incomplete familiar forms are perceived as complete by filling in gaps

A broken circle is still seen as a complete circle. What principle is shown

Closure

What is the Gestalt principle of figure and ground

Some objects are perceived as foreground while others are perceived as background

A viewer alternates between seeing a shape and the space behind it. What principle is shown

Figure and ground

What is the Gestalt principle of common fate

Elements moving in the same direction or trajectory are perceived as one group

Birds flying in the same direction are perceived as a single group. What principle is shown

Common fate

Which Gestalt principle depends mainly on nearness of objects

Proximity

Which Gestalt principle depends mainly on shared appearance

Similarity

Which Gestalt principle explains filling in missing parts of a familiar image

Closure

Which Gestalt principle explains grouping objects that move together

Common fate

Which Gestalt principle explains separating a focal object from its background

Figure and ground

Which Gestalt principle explains following a smooth path through elements

Continuity

Who are the key persons connected with psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson

What does psychoanalysis aim to analyze

What is hidden inside the mind and behaviour

According to psychoanalysis what strongly influences behavior

Unconscious drives

What life period does psychoanalysis stress as especially important

Early life experiences

What are the two key theories listed under psychoanalysis

Psychoanalytic theory and psychosocial theory

What central question does psychoanalysis seek to answer

What makes up the unconscious mind and how it affects us

Who founded psychoanalytic theory

Sigmund Freud

What was psychoanalytic theory used to treat

Psychopathology

What does psychoanalytic theory say influences behavior feelings and decisions

Hidden thoughts memories and desires

What conflict occurs across stages in psychoanalytic theory

Biological drives conflict with social expectations

Why does conflict resolution matter in psychoanalytic theory

It affects the ability to learn socialize and cope

A person repeatedly acts from motives they do not consciously recognize. Which perspective best explains this

Psychoanalysis

A theory explains adult behavior through hidden desires and early life experiences. Which theory is being applied

Psychoanalytic theory

What principle guides the id

Pleasure principle

What does the id contain or express

Drives instincts and repressed traumas

Which type of anxiety is linked with the id in the reviewer

Neurotic anxiety

A person wants immediate satisfaction without considering reality. Which part of the mind is dominant

Id

What principle guides the ego

Reality principle

Which part of Freud's model mediates unconscious impulses moral restrictions and external reality

Ego

Which part of Freud's model is described as the only one that experiences anxiety

Ego

Which type of anxiety is linked with the ego and real world

Realistic anxiety

A person delays an urge because the situation makes immediate action unsafe. Which part of the mind is operating

Ego

What principle guides the superego

Morality principle

What does the superego represent

Conscience and the concept of right and wrong

Which type of anxiety is linked with the superego

Moral anxiety

A person feels intense guilt after violating a personal moral rule. Which part of the mind is most involved

Superego

What is neurotic anxiety

Fear that one's urges will get out of control

What conflict is associated with neurotic anxiety

Id versus ego

What memory cue summarizes neurotic anxiety

Desire

What is realistic anxiety

Fear of a real danger

What produces realistic anxiety

Ego interacting with the real world

What memory cue summarizes realistic anxiety

Danger

What is moral anxiety

Fear guilt or shame because one thinks one did something wrong

What memory cue summarizes moral anxiety

Guilt

A person fears losing control of an aggressive urge. What type of anxiety is this

Neurotic anxiety

A person is afraid because a threatening dog is approaching. What type of anxiety is this

Realistic anxiety

A person feels ashamed after cheating on an exam. What type of anxiety is this

Moral anxiety

What is Eros in Freud's theory of human drives

The drive toward life love growth and survival

What does Eros encourage

A person to protect life and create connections

What is Thanatos in Freud's theory of human drives

The drive toward destruction aggression and death

What tendencies are linked with Thanatos

Hurting destroying or breaking things down

Which Freud drive is summarized by the word life

Eros

Which Freud drive is summarized by the word death

Thanatos

A person chooses actions that preserve life and strengthen relationships. Which drive is shown

Eros

A person shows a destructive urge aimed at harming and breaking things. Which drive is shown

Thanatos

What is the general purpose of defense mechanisms

To protect the ego

What is repression

Unconsciously blocking a painful memory or feeling

What happens to unwanted material during repression

It is pushed into the unconscious

A person cannot consciously recall a deeply painful event because it has been blocked from awareness. Which defense mechanism is shown

Repression

What is reaction formation

Acting the opposite of what one really feels

A person hides strong dislike by behaving with exaggerated friendliness. Which defense mechanism is shown

Reaction formation

What is displacement

Taking feelings out on a safer person or object

What kind of impulse is often redirected in displacement

Aggression

An employee angry with a supervisor goes home and yells at a sibling. Which defense mechanism is shown

Displacement

What is projection

Putting one's own unacceptable feelings thoughts or impulses onto another person