Textbook Notes #2

Second set of textbook notes for midterm #2

All atoms except very smallest (like hydrogen) tend to lose, gain, or share electrons so that each atom has 8 valence electrons

octet rule

How to Draw a lewis structure

1. Determine total number of ____________

2. Arrange symbols of elements to show how atoms are bonded, connect with _________

3. Complete octets of all atoms (except hydrogen) bonded to _______ by adding lone pairs

4. Compare the number of valenece electrons in the lewis structure with the number from the first part

5. Confirm an _____ on the central atom

valence electrons

bonds

central atom

octet

the number of electron pairs the 2 atoms share

• as this increases between two atoms ______ decreases

the energy needed to break 1 mole of bonds in the gas phase

• generally increases as _____ does

bond order

bond length

bond strength/energy

bond order

the existence of multiple lewis structures; same arrangement of _____ but different arrangement of bonding _____ and _______

Resonance

atoms

atoms

electrons

lone pairs

spreading out of a bonding pairs

• reduces an electrons’ ______ and lower _____ of the molecule

delocalization

potential energy, energy