Biology Chapter 33, Animal Nutrition (Exam 2)

Bio III, Ch. 33

What is an Omnivore?

A Species That Consumes Both Meat and Plants

What is a Carnivore?

A Species That Consumes Only Meat

What is a Herbivore?

A Species That Consumes Only Plants

What are the Three Nutritional Needs an Adequate Diet Must Satisfy?

Chemical Energy for Cellular Processes, Organic Building Blocks for Biosynthesis, and Essential Nutrient

What are Essential Nutrients?

Required Substances That Cannot Be Assembled From Simple Organic Molecules

What are Vitamins?

Organic Molecules

What are Minerals?

Inorganic Molecules

What is Ingestion?

The Act of Eating Food

What is Digestion?

The Process of Breaking Down Food into Molecules Small Enough to Absorb

What is Absorption?

Cells Taking Up Small Molecules

What is Elimination?

Passage of Undigested Material Out of Digestive System

Where Does the Esophagus Lead to?

The Stomach

Where Does the Trachea Lead to?

The Lungs

How is Food Kept From Entering the Trachea When We Swallow?

The Epiglottis, Which Covers the Trachea When We Swallow

What is Peristalsis?

The Act of Food Being Pushed Through the Esophagus into the Stomach

What are the Two Functions of the Stomach?

To Store Food and Secrete Gastric Juice

What Enzyme is Produced in the Stomach?

Pepsin

How Does the Stomach Lining Prevent Itself From Digesting Itself?

By a Thick Mucus Layer That is Secreted by the Cells in the Stomach Walls

What is Bile?

Aids in Digestion and Absorption of Fats

Where is Bile Produced?

In the Liver

Where is Bile Stored?

In the Gallbladder

What are the Two Digestive Functions of the Small Intenstine?

Absorption of Nutrients and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macromolecules

What is the Function of Villi and Microvilli of the Small Intestine?

They Greatly Increase the Surface Area

What is the Function of the Cecum in Grazing Animals?

To Perform Further Microbial Fermentation of Undigested Fiber That Was Not Broken Down

What is Suspension Feeding?

Filter Food From Surrounding Medium

What is Fluid Feeding?

Ingestion of Nutrient Rich Fluids From a Host

What is Substrate Feeding?

Living in or on Their Food Source

What is Bulk Feeding?

Eating a Relatively Large Piece of Food

What is Mechanical Digestion?

Breaking Food into Small Pieces and Increases Surface Area

What is Chemical Digestion?

Splits Food into Small Molecules That Can Pass Through Membranes

What is Enzymatic Hydrolysis?

Breaking Down of Molecules Using Water Catalyzed by Enzymes

What is Intracellular Digestion?

Food Particles are Engulfed by Endocytosis

What is Extracellular Digestion?

Breakdown of Food Particles Outside of Cells

What is the Gastrovascular Cavity?

Animals With Simple Body Plans That Have a Single Opening in Their Digestive Compartment

What is the Alimentary Canal?

Animals With Complex Body Plans That Have Two Openings in Their Digestive Compartments

Where Does the Alimentary Canal Start and End?

Starts at the Mouth, Ends at the Anus

Where is the Appendix Located?

At the End of the Large Intestine

What is the Function of the Appendix?

Thought to Help With Gut Health

What is the Major Function of the Colon?

To Complete H2O Recovery

What is A?

Oral Cavity

What is B?

The Pharynx

What is C?

The Esophagus

What is D?

The Stomach

What is E?

The Small Intestine

What is F?

The Large Intestine

What is G?

The Rectum

What is H?

The Anus

What is I?

The Salivary Glands

What is J?

The Liver

What is K?

The Gallbladder

What is L?

The Pancreas

What is the First Step of Digestion?

Takes Place in the Oral Cavity, Where Salivary Glands Secrete Saliva That Breaks Down the Food, Which is Then Received by the Pharynx and Pushed Through the Esophagus into the Stomach

What Happens in the Stomach During Digestion?

Food is Stored and Gastric Juice is Secreted —> Converts Food to Chyme

What Happens in the Small Intestine During Digestion?

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macromolecules

What is the Duodenum?

First 20 In. of Small Intestines; Chyme Mixes With Digestive Juices

What is the Pancreas?

Secretes Bicarbonate to Neutralize Acidity of Chyme and Produces Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

What Happens in the Small Intestine During Absorption?

Nutrients are Absorbed Across the Lining of Small Intestine

What Happens in the Large Intestine During Processing?

The Colon Leads to the Rectum, Where Feces is Stored Until Elimination Through the Anus

What is the Enteric Nervous System?

Stimulates Release of Digestive Juices and Regulates Peristalsis