Unit 5: Heredity

Quick Note

The notes on Meiosis can be found in the unit 4 study set.

Mendelian Genetics Overview

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Mendel’s Three Laws

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Other Heredity Notes

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Alterations of Chromosomes # or Structure

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Sex-Linked and Other Patterns of Inheritance

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Extra - Differences between Meiosis 1 and 2 (Not everything matters in this chart for AP Bio)

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Extra - What three things increase genetic variability?

• Crossing Over:

  During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material (DNA segments) through a process called crossing over, resulting in new combinations of genes on chromosomes. 

• Independent Assortment:

  During metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs align randomly at the cell's equator, and these pairs are then separated randomly into different gametes (sperm or egg), leading to a vast number of possible chromosome combinations in each gamete. 

• Random Fertilization:

  Any sperm cell can fertilize any egg cell, further increasing the potential genetic diversity of the offspring, as the combination of gametes is random. 

Extra - Laws of Probability

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Extra - Monohybrid Cross vs Dihybrid Cross

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Extra - Gene Mapping

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Extra - Pedigree Information

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Extra - Types of Pedigrees

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Extra - Non-nuclear inheritance/ Mitochondrial Inheritance

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Extra - Chi Squares

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Extra - Chi Squares Null Hypothesis

There is no relationship between expected and observed.

Extra - Phenotype Plasticity

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Extra - Nondisjunction Examples

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