chem ch 8

Ionic Bond

when valence electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal to reach a full octet

covalent bond

when valence electrons are shared between two nonmetals to reach a full octet

Lewis structure

A structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds.

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Properties of covalent compounds

low melting point, insulators, likely to be liquid or gas at room temperature

Properties of ionic compounds

high melting points, conductors when dissolved in water or molten, crystalline solid at room temperature

prefix for 1

mono

prefix for 2

di

prefix for 3

tri

prefix for 4

tetra

prefix for 5

penta

prefix for 6

hexa

prefix for 7

hepta

prefix for 8

octa

prefix for 9

nona

prefix for 10

deca

all covalent compounds end with this/these suffx/es

"ide"

Ionic compounds end with this/these suffix/es

"ite", "ate", or "ide"

Name for N2S3

dinitrogen trisulfide

Name for CO

Carbon monoxide

Name for CO3 (-2 charge)

carbonate

Name for CO2

carbon dioxide

Name for P4O10

tetraphosphorus decoxide

Name for PO4 (-3 charge)

phosphate

Name for K3PO4

Potassium Phosphate

A single covalent bond consists of this many shared electrons

2

A double covalent bond consists of this many shared electrons

4

a triple covalent bond consists of this many shared electrons

6