Pediatrics Set

ICF is

A classification system issued by WHO that describes the impact of a person’s health condition on body functions, daily activities, and social participation.

ICF(DH) stands for

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

Enablement Process

The process in which the physical therapist addresses structural integrity to promote age-appropriate movement and interactions.

Disablement Process

The dynamic relationships affecting a child within various environmental contexts.

Classification of Disablement

Impacts relating to impairments of body structures and body functions.

Characteristics of body and function impairments

reflex development, joint motion, muscle length/strength, respiratory status, postural stability

Interaction level of impairment of body structures and functions

child level

Activity Limitations

Difficulties in executing activities like locomotion and communication.

Characteristics of activity limitations

locomotion, communication, oral motor function, social and emotional

interaction level of activity limitations

child-daily environment

Participation Restriction

Limitations in involvement in life situations such as community recreation and school.

characteristics of palpation restrictions

community recreation, school participation, employment, access to facilities

what are the participation restriction interaction levels

child, community, and society

pediatric specialization in PT evolves from

public policy, family-centered care, practice environments

Education of All Handicapped Children Act (EHCA)

A 1975 law guaranteeing free and appropriate public education for children with disabilities.

Developmental Delay

When a child has not reached typical movement patterns or behaviors expected for their age.

Developmental Delay during fetal development is caused by

genetic and chromosomal anomalies, environmental toxins, premature birth

Children affected by developmental delays require

short and longterm therapies that shift with physical, cognitive, and emotional abilities

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs)

A group of disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and behaviors.

PDDs accompanied activities

repetitive behaviours, stereotypes, poor play skills

Autism diagnosis is made when

symptoms appear before 3 years old

Examples of brain-based neurological disorders

intellectual disabilities and ADHD (attention deficit hyper disorder)

PDDs associated impairments

motor and sensory

PTs main goals in PDDs

provide encouragement, maximize age-appropriate experiences, address sensory issues

Orthopaedic Disorders are when

children may be born with/aquire problems with bones, muscles, fascia, and joints

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

A condition causing an infant's head to tilt due to shortened muscles, often treated through physical therapy.

Congenital Muscular Torticollis main goal

establish full neck movement and stop progression or reverse skull deformity

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

An inflammatory condition leading to joint pain, swelling, and decreased motion in children.

Symptoms of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthiritis (5)

joint pain, swelling, decreased motion, stiffness, muscle atrophy

How do most live active lives with JRA

medication, exersize, special care programs

Clubfoot

A congenital deformity where the foot is turned inwards, often requiring casting or surgical correction.

Clubfoot treatment

prolonged casting/taping, joint ROM exercises, surgical correction

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine, which can be idiopathic, neuromuscular, or congenital

Scoliosis treatment

external or internal fixations

Development Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Abnormal development affecting the hip joint, often treated with casting or surgery.

What are DDH intensive post surgery exersises needed for

full ROJM, muscle strength, function

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A severe genetic condition that leads to brittle bones and frequent fractures due to collagen defects.

Characteristics of Osteogenis Imperfecta

limb deformities, dental abnormalities, stunted growth, scoliosis, loose ligaments, unusually shaped skull

Potential causes of neuromuscular and genetic disorders

trauma, genetic factors, premature birth, environmental factors

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

A genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness in males, typically diagnosed between ages 3-5.

DMD signs

lower extremity muscle weakness combined with enlarged and weak calf muscles, tight heel cords

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

A genetic disorder characterized by severe muscle weakness and respiratory issues.

Spina Bifida

A neural tube defect resulting in varying degrees of disability due to incomplete closure of the spinal column.

Spina Bifida Occulta

impairment of a vertebra that isn’t associated with diability

Meningocele

benign herniation of the meninges, does not cause neurologic deficits.

Meningomyolecele

open lesion with no skin covering nerves, leakage of spinal fluid and infection. loss of motor function and sensation of the lower body

anencephaly

lack of the neural tube closure at the base of the brain, results in fetal death or feath shortly after delivery

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

A congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21, leading to various physical and intellectual challenges.

Cerebral Palsy

A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone due to a non-progressive brain injury.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

leads to distinct physical and developmental issues.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder that causes thick mucus accumulation leading to lung damage.

Family assessment

for a child up to 5 years old, initial info is taken from speaking with family

Standardized testing

these tests are norm referenced to have comparison groups

Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)

A plan outlining goals and objectives from examination for family

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A plan developed for children with disabilities that outlines special education services.

Dynamic Systems Theory

A framework emphasizing the interplay between a child's internal components and external context in achieving movement.

Neurodevelopmental Treatment Approach

A therapy approach using facilitation techniques to create a normal sensory experience for the child.

Neurodevelopmental Treatment Approach

Continued repetition of developmental skills, emphasis on movement quality and training provider to help child

Sensory Integration Theory

The theory that poor sensory processing inhibits the organization of motor behavior.

Normal Developmental Theory

The belief that children with CNS damage will acquire motor skills in similar patterns as typically developing children.

CNS

Central Nervous System

Task Oriented Movement Model

A focus on goal-directed movements and adapting to the environment through interaction.

Activity Limitations Examples

Difficulties in locomotion, communication, and social-emotional interactions.

Participation Restriction Examples

Challenges with accessing community resources, participating in school, and recreational activities.

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Severity

Characterized by severe muscle weakness in infancy and associated respiratory failure.

Common Features of Down Syndrome

Low muscle tone, distinct facial features, and varying intellectual disabilities.

Congenital Heart Disease

Common cardiovascular issues associated with Down Syndrome.

Cystic Fibrosis Treatment

Medications and therapies aimed at managing symptoms and improving lung function.

Community and Society Interaction Level

The area of participation restriction related to community engagement and societal involvement.