BP1: The social, economic and political context of Salem

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18 Terms

1
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How many were accused and how many killed as a result?

200 accused, 20 killed

2
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How many Puritans migrated to Massachusetts 1630-42?

around 10,000

3
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Puritan power in Salem?

  • residents required to pay taxes to the church

  • Puritans given exclusive right to vote

  • non-Puritans could be banished from the colony for spreading dissent

4
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Who governed the New England colonies from the time of James II (1686)?

Edmund Andros - an experienced soldier, with high church tendencies and an unwillingness to include well-established Puritans on his council

5
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Andros’ policies which contributed to his fall and subsequent lack of authority after the Glorious Revolution of 1688?

  • he attempted to have CofE services delivered in Puritan churches and Puritans suspected him of having high church tendencies

  • introduces taxes for the focusing on import and export duties - necessary as the colony was a drain on the English Exchequer

  • all land under the Massachusetts Bay Colony was declared void and Puritan landowners had to pay fees and challenge to get it back

6
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Glorious Revolution (1688) speed recap?

  • James Declaration of Indulgence (1687) (suspends penalties against Catholics) - 7 priests were arrested after refusing to read it - people happy about this

  • leading political figures = scared of a Catholic heir bc James’ wife was pregnant

  • Asked William of Orange to intervene and James fled in 1688

  • Convention Parliament 1689

  • William defeats James at Battle of Boyne 1690

7
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Impact of the Glorious Revolution on Massachusetts?

  • news reached in April 1689

  • Puritan colonists revolt against Andros

  • Led by Increase and Cotton Mather

  • Andros is captured and sent to England

  • 1691 new Massachusetts charter - William II declared voting depends on property ownership rather than religion - all officials appointed by the crown - governor can block laws passed by the council

8
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When was the first Indian war?

1675-1678

9
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With which war did the trials collide?

The Second Indian War, during which the both sides - British and the French - made allies with Indian tribes

10
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How did Puritans view the natives?

  • Devil-worshippers who attempted to prevent a godly society from being created

  • treated as subhuman and in need of extermination

11
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Economic crisis in Salem?

  • 1st Indian war ruined the economy - half of NE towns attacked

  • growing population 3% per year + establishment of new towns meant settlers lives were not entirely destroyed

  • 1680’s colonists asked for military assistance from England - contributed to the rise in tax under Andros

12
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Importance of the Navigation Acts on the Salem economy?

  • 1651, 1660, 1662, 1673

  • decreed that good imported to England + territories had to be carried on English ships (trying to remove the Dutch monopoly) and that goods had to be taken to England first

  • made it difficult to ship grain to England so Massachusetts farmers had to diversify

13
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Beliefs of the people in Salem?

  • ignored scientific revolution

  • crop failures, fires, illnesses, hallucinations = work of the Devil

  • non-conformists were viewed with suspicion

  • women = inferior —> Eve/original sin

14
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Combined population of Salem town + Salem village?

600

15
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Where did most accusers come from?

Salem Village - agricultural and staunchly Purita, had less contact w/ the outside world compared to Salem Town

16
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What did Salem Town mostly comprise of?

Merchants, who relied on Salem Village for agricultural good, and so resisted demands for the Village to gain independence.

17
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Leading family in Salem village?

Putnams - heavily involved in accusations

18
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Opposing family to the Putnams?

The Porters - richest family who had business interest in Salem Town - attempted to put an end to the craze but whose allies found themselves under suspicion