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How many were accused and how many killed as a result?
200 accused, 20 killed
How many Puritans migrated to Massachusetts 1630-42?
around 10,000
Puritan power in Salem?
residents required to pay taxes to the church
Puritans given exclusive right to vote
non-Puritans could be banished from the colony for spreading dissent
Who governed the New England colonies from the time of James II (1686)?
Edmund Andros - an experienced soldier, with high church tendencies and an unwillingness to include well-established Puritans on his council
Andros’ policies which contributed to his fall and subsequent lack of authority after the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
he attempted to have CofE services delivered in Puritan churches and Puritans suspected him of having high church tendencies
introduces taxes for the focusing on import and export duties - necessary as the colony was a drain on the English Exchequer
all land under the Massachusetts Bay Colony was declared void and Puritan landowners had to pay fees and challenge to get it back
Glorious Revolution (1688) speed recap?
James Declaration of Indulgence (1687) (suspends penalties against Catholics) - 7 priests were arrested after refusing to read it - people happy about this
leading political figures = scared of a Catholic heir bc James’ wife was pregnant
Asked William of Orange to intervene and James fled in 1688
Convention Parliament 1689
William defeats James at Battle of Boyne 1690
Impact of the Glorious Revolution on Massachusetts?
news reached in April 1689
Puritan colonists revolt against Andros
Led by Increase and Cotton Mather
Andros is captured and sent to England
1691 new Massachusetts charter - William II declared voting depends on property ownership rather than religion - all officials appointed by the crown - governor can block laws passed by the council
When was the first Indian war?
1675-1678
With which war did the trials collide?
The Second Indian War, during which the both sides - British and the French - made allies with Indian tribes
How did Puritans view the natives?
Devil-worshippers who attempted to prevent a godly society from being created
treated as subhuman and in need of extermination
Economic crisis in Salem?
1st Indian war ruined the economy - half of NE towns attacked
growing population 3% per year + establishment of new towns meant settlers lives were not entirely destroyed
1680’s colonists asked for military assistance from England - contributed to the rise in tax under Andros
Importance of the Navigation Acts on the Salem economy?
1651, 1660, 1662, 1673
decreed that good imported to England + territories had to be carried on English ships (trying to remove the Dutch monopoly) and that goods had to be taken to England first
made it difficult to ship grain to England so Massachusetts farmers had to diversify
Beliefs of the people in Salem?
ignored scientific revolution
crop failures, fires, illnesses, hallucinations = work of the Devil
non-conformists were viewed with suspicion
women = inferior —> Eve/original sin
Combined population of Salem town + Salem village?
600
Where did most accusers come from?
Salem Village - agricultural and staunchly Purita, had less contact w/ the outside world compared to Salem Town
What did Salem Town mostly comprise of?
Merchants, who relied on Salem Village for agricultural good, and so resisted demands for the Village to gain independence.
Leading family in Salem village?
Putnams - heavily involved in accusations
Opposing family to the Putnams?
The Porters - richest family who had business interest in Salem Town - attempted to put an end to the craze but whose allies found themselves under suspicion