Human Rights

Cylinder of Cyrus

An ancient clay cylinder inscribed in Akkadian cuneiform that documents the achievements of Cyrus the Great, particularly his conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE.

Code of Hammurabi

One of the oldest known legal codes, established by the Babylonian king Hammurabi around 1754 BCE, consisting of 282 laws.

Magna Carta

A charter agreed upon in 1215 that limited royal authority and established certain legal rights in England.

Natural Law

A philosophical belief that certain rights and moral values are inherent in human nature and understood through reason.

Natural Rights

Rights that individuals possess inherently by virtue of being human, typically including life, liberty, and property.

US Declaration of Independence

A document adopted on July 4, 1776, declaring the thirteen American colonies' independence from British rule.

US Constitution

The supreme law of the United States that establishes the framework for the federal government and protects individual rights.

Civil Rights

Rights that protect individuals' freedoms from infringement and ensure equal treatment.

Political Rights

Rights that allow individuals to participate in the political process, including voting and running for office.

Social Rights

Rights that ensure individuals have access to basic social and economic conditions like education and healthcare.

Economic Rights

Rights related to economic aspects, including the right to work, own property, and pursue a livelihood.

Inalienable

A term describing rights that cannot be surrendered, transferred, or revoked, often fundamental to human dignity.

Legal Rights

Rights granted and protected by the law, including civil and property rights.

UN Declaration of Human Rights

A declaration adopted in 1948 that outlines fundamental human rights that should be universally protected.

Retribution

A principle of justice known as "an eye for an eye," emphasizing penalties that correspond to the offense.