Nurse Stats

Research

systemic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to asnwer questions or solve problems. The goal is to develop, refine, and expand knowledge.

developing new knowledge

Nursing research

a systematic inquiry designed to develop trsutworty evidence about issues of importance of the nursing porfession, including nursing pracitce, education, administartion, and informatics

what is EBP (evidence based practice)

approach to clinical decision making withing healthcare orginization, that integrates best available scientific evidence with best available experiential evidence

uses bodies of evidence, clinicians expertise, and pt’s family’s preferences adn values to make best decision about patient/client care list

seven steps of EBP

• cultivate

  • spirit of inquiry

• ask

  • a clinical question

• search

  • for best evidence

• appraise

  • critically appraise the evidecne

• integrate

  • integrate evidence with clinical expertise patient preferences adn values

• evaluate

  • evaluate outcomes of practicing decisions changes based on evidence

• disseminate

  • share EBP results so others can learn replicate hone

statistics

Defined

• science of collection analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data

two majorareas

• descriptiver and inferential

descriptive

• takes sample date and describes it

• facilitates summary interpretation adn presentation of data

• represented as tabular ( ex frequency table) graphical, numerical

inferential

• takese sample data and makes inferences about hte larger population from which the sample was taken

• tests a hypothesis or assess whether your data is generalizable to the broader population

descriptive vs analyitical epidemiology

Descriptive

• examines disease distrubtuiong by age, gender location and time in a population to identify patterns and generate hypothesis about possible causes

analytic

• examines disease causes (determinants) asking why and how by testing hypotneses and making associations between exposures and outcomes using groups for comparison

descriptive vs inferential statistics

descriptive

• summarize and present date form a sample

• calculating averages, medians, ranges, adn frequencies

inferential

• make predicitons, inferences and conclusiosn about a alrger population bases on sample data, involving hypothesis testing, regression, and correlation to understand relationships

independent variable explanatory

one you can change or control in a study, to see how it affects the dependent variable

dependent variable

variable being tested adn measures in an experiments it is called dependent becuase its values depends on changes in independent variable

nominal

• Definition: Categorical data where the categories have no natural order.

• Example: Gender (male, female), blood type (A, B, AB, O).

ordinal

• Definition: Categorical data where the categories have a meaningful order, but the differences between them are not necessarily equal.

• Example: Pain level (mild, moderate, severe), education level (high school < bachelor’s < master’s).

continous

• Definition: Numeric data that can take any value within a range, including decimals. There is a meaningful zero, and differences/ratios are interpretable.

• Example: Age in years, weight in kilograms, blood pressure in mmHg.

discrete

• Definition: Numeric data that can take only specific, separate values (usually counts). There are no intermediate values between points.

• Example: Number of siblings, number of cars, number of hospital visits.

quantitaitve variables

continuous:

• take numerical value over an interval, age, weight discrete

discrete

• takes a limited number of values: petals in a flower, amount of siblings

qualitative variables

nominal:

• qualitative an unordered e.g. colour of a flower

ordinal:

• data can be ranked e.g. likert sclaes

individuals

study objects, people, animals, things

variables

characteristics of an individual