RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

inhalation

taking in air

exhalation

breathing out air

nostrils

two openings, where air is filtered

pharynx

divides into two passageways for air and food

larynx

voice box

epiglottis

flap of tissue that stays open when you breathe, closes when you swallow food

vocal chords

two elastic ligaments in the larynx

trachea

tubelike structure, also known as the windpipe

lungs

the main organs of the respiratory system, spongelike

lobes

the lungs are divided into sections called…

bronchi

when the trachea branches into two tubes, the left and right

bronchioles

the bronchus divides into smaller branches into the lungs

alveoli

tiny air sacs that inflate during inhalation and deflate during exhalation

air is drawn into the lungs by inhaling

the first step in inhalation

diaphragm contracts

second step in inhalation

rib cage moves up and down due to intercostal muscles contracting that pull upward

third step in inhalation

chest expands due to contractions

fourth step in inhalation

pressure inside alveolar cavities drop

fifth step in inhalation

diaphragm relaxes when inhaling

sixth step in inhalation

O2

oxygen

CO2

carbon dioxide

Asthma

chronic and allergic condition that makes the breathing airways narrow and swollen

Bronchitis

inflammation or swelling of the breathing passages between nose and lungs

Emphysema

long-term disease of the lungs caused by prolonged exposure to respiratory irritants. damages the alveoli of the lungs and breathing passages

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

associated with a group of diseases: emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis. patients experience long-term obstruction of airflow that makes breathing difficult

Lung Cancer

caused by long-term exposure to tobacco smoke. tumors take up space in the lungs used for gas exchange