waves in air, fluids and solids

Types of waves

Transverse- oscillations perpendicular to direction of energy transfer longitudinal waves have oscillations parallel to energy transfer.

give 2 examples of transverse waves

Electromagnetic seismic s-waves

Examples of longitudinal waves

Sound waves seismic p-waves.

Parts of a longitudinal wave

compressions and rarefactions.

what is a wave's amplitude

The maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position.

What is wavelength?

● The distance from a point on a wave to the same position on the adjacent wave ● Most commonly peak to peak or trough to trough

What is the frequency of a wave?

number of waves passing a point per second.

Unit for frequency

Hertz (Hz).

what is meant by a frequency of 200Hz

200 waves pass a given point each second.

what is wave speed

the speed at which the waves moves or at which energy is transferred through a medium

What does a wave transfers

energy

Wave speed equation

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

what is reflection

waves bouncing off a surface

how do Sound waves through a solid

particles in the solid vibrate and transfer kinetic energy through the material

what is the Frequency range of human hearing

20 Hz - 20kHz (1kHz = 1000 Hz).

What are ultrasound waves?

Waves which have a frequency higher than the upper limit of human hearing (20kHz).

give an example use for ultrasound waves

medical or industrial imaging.

What natural event causes seismic waves to be produced? What types are produced?

Earthquakes P-waves and S-waves.

state a difference between the mediums that P-waves and S-waves can travel through

P-waves can travel through solids and liquids S-waves can only travel through solids.

what technique is used to detect objects in deep water and measure water depth

● Echo sounding ● High frequency sound waves are emitted, reflected and detected ● Time difference between emission and detection, alongside wave speed, are used to calculate distances